{"id":16788,"date":"2020-03-03T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T11:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/03\/03\/ea5298f4f9\/"},"modified":"2020-03-03T19:36:14","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T11:36:14","slug":"ea5298f4f9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/03\/03\/ea5298f4f9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b63\u89c6\u4e92\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c343\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b63\u89c6\u4e92\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u83b1\u8335\u54c8\u5fb7<\/span>\u2022\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\uff08<\/span>Reinhard Wolf<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u64c5\u4e8e\u5c06\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u738b\u56fd\u4f1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Wolf, Reinhard. “Taking Interaction Seriously: Asymmetrical Roles and the Behavioral Foundations of Status.” <\/span>European Journal of International Relations<\/em> 25.4 (2019): 1186-211. Web.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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European Journal of International Relations<\/span>\uff08\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>EJIR<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5e38\u8bbe\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08<\/span>SGIR<\/span>\uff09\u7ecf\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u5b63\u520a\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fa9\u8bba\u5230\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1995\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>Geoffrey Underhill<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e<\/span>Journal Citation Reports<\/span>\u663e\u793a\uff0c<\/span>2018\u5e74<\/span>EJIR<\/span>\u6742\u5fd7\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>2.756\uff0c\u572891\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c11\uff0811\/91\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Taking interaction seriously: Asymmetrical roles and<\/span><\/p>\n

 the behavioral foundations of status<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u83b1\u8335\u54c8\u5fb7\u2022\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\uff08Reinhard Wolf\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u8868\u660e\u5730\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u5148\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span>\u968f\u540e<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u6587<\/span>\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6709\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0:\u7531\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\uff08\u8981\u6c42\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6216\u987a\u4ece\uff09\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/strong>\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u6700\u540e<\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u516c\u5f00\u6311\u8845\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    How interaction creeps in: Conceptual<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

stretching in prominent empirical accounts<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b49\u7ea7\u662f\u7531\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u5176\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e00\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u56fd\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bf9\u672c<\/span>\u56fd\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c<\/span>\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5374\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u67d0\u56fd\u6301\u6709<\/span>(\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u96c6\u4f53)<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5c11\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/span>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6709<\/span><\/strong>\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u5e9c\u975e\u5e38\u5728\u610f\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u5f85<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>treat<\/strong><\/span>\uff09\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u65b9<\/span><\/strong>\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76<\/span><\/strong>\u4e14\u5f53<\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u906d\u9047<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>behavior<\/strong><\/span>\uff09\u65f6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53cd\u5236\u63aa\u65bd<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u793a\u6297\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53<\/span>\u524d\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u963b\u6320\u6216\u7834\u574f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8868\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u6216\u9762\u5bf9\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08<\/span>faits accomplis<\/span>\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u613f\u610f\u4ee5\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span>\u5730\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u9886\u5148\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u5730\u4f4d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u907f\u514d\u7edf\u6cbb\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u63a7\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u6743<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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  Prestige rankings and patterns of deference: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                Two basic status hierarchies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5730\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u5730\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5546\u54c1\uff08positional good\uff09\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span>positional good<\/span>\u662f\u6307\u5176<\/span>\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f70\u663e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u540d\u58f0\u3002\uff09\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u987a\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u542b\u4e49\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8c\u5143\u5730\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u89d2\u8272\u672c\u8eab\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u7b49\u7ea7\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6e29\u7279\uff08<\/span>Wendt<\/span>\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd8\u662f\u52a8\u7269<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc<\/span><\/strong>\u5411<\/span><\/strong>\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb<\/span><\/strong>\u800c<\/span><\/strong>\u5f62\u6210<\/span><\/strong>\u987a\u4ece<\/span><\/strong>\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>
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\u884c\u4e3a\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u5176\u4f18\u70b9<\/span><\/strong>(\u58f0\u671b)<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d(\u89d2\u8272\u5730\u4f4d)\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282<\/span>\u5c06<\/span>\u5c55\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd<\/span>\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd:\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u5728<\/span>\u987a\u4ece<\/span>\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u89c2\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9<\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u7b49\u7ea7<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u975e\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Sub-components of status<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u732e\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b50\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u900f\u5f7b\u7406\u89e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u58f0\u671b\u4e0e\u987a\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u5728\u58f0\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6392\u540d\u81f3\u5c11\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e0e\u8363\u8000\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u8363\u8000\u610f\u5473\u7740\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u6b63\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u8d1f\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span>\u987a\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u540c\u6837\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\uff08<\/span><\/strong>natural authority<\/strong><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6536\u76ca\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\uff08<\/span><\/strong>negotiated authority<\/strong><\/span>\uff09\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\uff08<\/span><\/strong>imposed deference<\/strong><\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b66\u529b\u6216\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u53ea\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b63\u89c6\u4e92\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u56fe\u4e00\uff1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

4<\/span><\/strong>.1<\/span><\/strong>\u58f0\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u5730\u4f4d\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sub-components of status in prestige hierarchies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u58f0\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005(\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d)\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u8d5e\u8d4f\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005(\u8363\u8000\u6216\u4fe1\u8a89)\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u7406\u8bba(<\/span>SIT<\/span>)\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c<\/span>\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\u65b9\u9762\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210(\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684)\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7(\u4f8b\u5982\u5e38\u6625\u85e4\u8054\u76df\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u3001\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u5f97\u5fc5\u8981\u5c5e\u6027(\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027)\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08<\/span>Tajfel and Turner<\/span>, 1979\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8363\u8000\u548c\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u667a\u529b\u6216\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027(<\/span>Tsygankov<\/span>, 2012)\u3002<\/span>\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e0e\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u7740\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u8bda\u4fe1\u5f62\u8c61\u9700\u8981\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53cd\u6620\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4fe1\u8a89\u548c\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4fe1\u8a89\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u7136\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u51c6\u5219\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5fcf\u6094\u548c\u8d54\u507f\u6765\u91cd\u83b7\u4fe1\u8a89\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5c5e\u6027(\u5982\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6280\u672f)\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8363\u8000\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e0e\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8363\u8000\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5149\u8363\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c28\u614e\u5219\u4e0d\u591f\u5149\u5f69\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5149\u8363\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7531\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fe1\u8a89\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8363\u8000\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u804c\u6743\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6210\u529f\u7684\u767b\u6708\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u592a\u7a7a\u7ade\u8d5b\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u3002\u4fe1\u8a89\u51c6\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u6240\u6709\u201c\u5b88\u4fe1\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u9700\u8981\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8363\u8000\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u9075\u4ece\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u8a89\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5f25\u8865\uff08<\/span>O\u2019Neill<\/span>, 1999<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u6700\u540e,\u8363\u8000\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e78\u8fd0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u8a89\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

4.2 \u987a\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u5730\u4f4d\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sub-components of status in deference    hierarchies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u987a\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005(\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u67b6\u6784\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u987a\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u613f\u671b\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5173\u7cfb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5730\u4f4d\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e60\u60ef\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u733f\u3001\u72fc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fdc\u6bd4\u58f0\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u66f4\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u987a\u4ece<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49\u7ea7:\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u201c\u6743\u5a01\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u5c5e\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\u3002\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6e90\u4e8e\u5a01\u80c1\u6216\u5236\u88c1(\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u6709\u5173)\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91c7\u53d6\u523b\u610f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u786e\u7acb\u5176\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u81ea\u613f\u670d\u4ece\u660e\u786e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u767b\u5c71\u961f\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u961f\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e50\u610f\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u961f\u5458\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u56fd\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b(\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u4e3a\u624b\u5934\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8d21\u732e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u56fd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u670d\u4ece\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f:\u6e90\u4e8e\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u3002<\/span>\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span>\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6743\u5a01\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u51fb\u8d25\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u5f3a\u52a0(\u5f3a\u5236\u987a\u4ece)\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u58f0\u671b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u8584\u5f31\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u5730\u4f4d\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5951\u7ea6\u65f6\u3002\u9690\u6027\u5a01\u80c1\u5f80\u5f80\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f3a\u52a0\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u5f31\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65e0\u529b\u6311\u6218\u7684\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u987a\u4ece\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5265\u524a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u5c5e\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u613f\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u4f4d\u5177\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u516c\u5171\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5dee\u5f02\u6574\u5408\u5230\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u907f\u514d\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c<\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5404\u79cd\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u5c42\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u4e89\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4fe1\u5ff5\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6392\u540d\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e89\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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 \u4e94\u3001\u533a\u5206\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

   How status conflicts differ: <\/strong><\/p>\n

       A typology of disputes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8363\u8000\u6216\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5173\u4e8e\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u603b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5730\u4f4d\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u6469\u64e6\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2460 <\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u95f4\u5bf9\u5176\u58f0\u671b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2461  \u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2462  \u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e94\u7c7b\u3001\u7b2c\u516d\u7c7b\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2463  \u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u95f4\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u4f4d\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff08\u7b2c\u4e03\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u8363\u8000\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\uff09\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u60c5\u7ed3\u201d(<\/span>Nobel Prize complex<\/span>)\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u663e\u8457\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u800c\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5c1a\u672a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4f24\u5bb3\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u5f15\u53d1\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u6392\u9664\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7ed3\u679c\uff08<\/span>Tajfel and Turner<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1979<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53d7\u5bb3\u65b9\u5177\u6709\u53d1\u6cc4\u6124\u6012\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u9996\u8981\u56de\u62a5\u53ea\u662f\u58f0\u671b\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u63aa\u65bd\u5f80\u5f80\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5f53\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u8a89\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\uff09\u4e5f\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u58f0\u671b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u91cd\u5927\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u5267\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4fe1\u8a89\u5177\u6709\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4fe1\u7528\u7684\u73b7\u6c61\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u5176\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4e0e\u8363\u8000\u6216\u7279\u8d28-\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u524a\u5f31\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e27\u5931\u7684\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8865\u507f\u63aa\u65bd\u8fc5\u901f\u5f25\u8865\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7a81\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7531\u58f0\u671b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5176(\u516c\u8ba4\u7684)\u58f0\u671b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5e94\u8be5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u6743\u671f\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u59822003\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u5165\u4fb5\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u3002<\/span>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u987a\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u53d8\u6210\u7269\u8d28\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ef\u80fd\u6682\u65f6\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u4f18\u52bf\u4e00\u65b9\u6613\u53d7\u58f0\u671b\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u5e38\u5e38\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5176\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u6743\u5a01\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u58f0\u671b\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u5c5e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff08\u6216\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u58f0\u671b\uff09\u4f7f\u5176\u6709\u6743\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u5951\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\u540e\u7f8e\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u3002\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u6388\u4e88\u6cd5\u56fd\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u7136\u9a71\u9010\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u5317\u7ea6\u519b\u4e8b\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u673a\u6784<\/span>(<\/span>Bozo, 2001; Mar<\/span>tin, 2016)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u4f9d\u5b58\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc4\u4f30\u524a\u5f31\u4e86<\/span>\u534f\u5546\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u7b2c\u4e94\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u5c5e\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5728\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e2\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u7b2c\u516d\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0a\u5347\u529b\u91cf\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u575a\u6301\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5(\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5c0a\u91cd)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u914d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5176\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u80fd\u529b\u4ecd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u6562\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u5347\u529b\u91cf\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/span>Putin<\/span>, 2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6709\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0e\u63d0\u9ad8\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u6311\u8845\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u201c\u50b2\u6162\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6253\u7834\u5176\u5bf9\u987a\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff08\u7b2c\u4e03\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u987a\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u6536\u76ca\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6216\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982\u505c\u6b62\u5e72\u6d89\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u670d\u4ece\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6700\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u65b0\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u6700\u6613\u635f\u5bb3\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d(\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u65b0\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba)\u3002<\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0e\u65b0\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u201c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8054\u76df\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5012\u9000\uff08<\/span>Barnhart<\/span>, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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   Understanding Russia’s status disputes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

           with America and \u201cthe West\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u672c\u8282<\/span><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/strong>\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/strong>\u7ecf\u5e38\u56f0\u6270\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u5730\u4f4d\u4e89\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6beb\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae<\/span>\u7684\u662f<\/span>\uff0c\u666e\u4eac<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c<\/span>\u4e5f<\/span>\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a<\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u4e0d\u5230<\/span>\u5176\u6b27\u6d32\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7eb3\u5165\u73b0\u6709\u5730\u4f4d\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee4\u897f\u65b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6<\/span>\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u4ee3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\u66f4\u613f<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u83b7<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e<\/span><\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c<\/span><\/strong>\u975e<\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u9ad8\u58f0\u671b<\/span><\/strong>\u65f6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u5c31<\/span><\/strong>\u5f97\u5230\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6539\u9769\u8005\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u5730<\/span>\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5e76\u516c\u5f00\u6548\u4eff\u81ea\u7531\u5236\u5ea6<\/span>\u4ee5<\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>\u58f0\u671b<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec<\/span>\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u5230<\/span>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c<\/span>\u4eff\u4f5b<\/span>\u65e0\u89c6<\/span>\u5176\u5730\u4f4d<\/span>\u5e76\u5c06\u5176<\/span>\u968f\u610f\u5bf9\u5f85\uff08\u6e90\u4e8e\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u516d\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u4e1c\u6269\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5e72\u6d89\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u53ef\u803b<\/span>\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u534e\u7ea6\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u4e5f\u671f\u671b\u4e1c\u6b27\u548c\u4e2d\u6b27<\/span>\u670d\u4ece<\/span>\u5176\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f18\u8d8a\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b89\u5168\u6743\u5229<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6709\u6743\u5f97\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9<\/span>\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u5927\u56fd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<\/span>\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5728<\/span>\u6253\u8d25\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6743\uff08\u58f0\u671b\u4e0e<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0e<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5730\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u4e89\u7aef\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684<\/span>\u58f0\u671b<\/span>\u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u672a\u80fd<\/span>\u8d70\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u9884\u671f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9053\u8def\uff0c<\/span>\u897f\u65b9<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c<\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u9075\u4ece\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u613f\u671b\u6216\u6743\u5229<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Kanet<\/span>, 2015<\/span>)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u5373\u4fbf<\/span>\u9762\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/span>\u4ecd<\/span>\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u5bf9\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u53d1\u52a8\u7a7a\u88ad\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53c8\u4e00\u8f6e\u5317\u7ea6\u6269\u5f20\u3001\u82f1\u7f8e\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u5165\u4fb5\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u897f\u65b9<\/span>\u63f4\u52a9<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8fd1\u90bb\u201d\u7684\u989c\u8272\u9769\u547d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9<\/span>\u5176<\/span>\u5185\u653f<\/span>\u65e5\u76ca\u9ad8\u6da8<\/span>\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Lo,  2015; Putin<\/span>, 2014<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span>\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span>\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u5171\u540c\u53cd\u6050\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\uff08<\/span>quantit\u00e9 n\u00e9gligeable<\/span>\uff09\u7684<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c<\/span>\u5e76<\/span>\u88ab\u671f\u671b<\/span>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/span>\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5355\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49(<\/span>\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u4ece\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u516d\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>)<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Mankoff<\/span>, <\/span>2009; Putin<\/span>, 2014<\/span>)\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7cbe\u82f1\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5a01\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u5e76<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6216\u652f\u6301\u6765\u7a33\u5b9a\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684<\/span>\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6cae\u4e27\u3001\u6124\u6012\u548c\u5bf9\u6297<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Forsberg,<\/span>2014<\/span>; Larson and Shevchenko, 2014; Stent<\/span>, 2014<\/span>)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u666e\u4eac<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Vladimir Putin<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u672c\u4eba<\/span>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a<\/span>\u3002\u57282014\u5e74<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e7f\u573a\u9769\u547d<\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span>Maidan revolution<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u666e\u4eac<\/span>\u603b\u7edf<\/span>\u66fe\u75db\u6279<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>\u7684\u6b66\u65ad\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u56fd\u6743\u5229<\/span>\u7684\u6f20\u89c6<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9<\/span>\u5176<\/span>\u201c\u9002\u5f53\u201d\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u5426\u8ba4\u4ed6\u60f3<\/span><\/strong>\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u5168\u7403\u5212\u5206\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u9879\u76ee<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\u62e5\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6743\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u8005<\/span>\u8bf1\u4f7f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u76df<\/span>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span>\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6743\u5229(<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0e<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7c7b\u4e89\u7aef<\/span><\/strong>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba<\/span>\u613f\u610f<\/span>\u542c\u6211\u4eec\u7684<\/span>\u8bdd<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d(<\/span>Putin<\/span>, 2014<\/span>)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u4e0b<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9<\/span>\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170<\/span>\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6709\u6548\u5730<\/span>\u7834\u9664<\/span>\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u7684<\/span>\u60f3\u6cd5<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5373\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c06<\/span>\u7ee7\u7eed<\/span>\u670d\u4ece<\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9<\/span>\u5176<\/span>\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e72\u9884<\/span>\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u5bf9<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u8c61<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/span>\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d<\/span>\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9<\/span>\u79cd\u4ee3\u4ef7\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684<\/span>\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u9a7b<\/span>\u5317\u7ea6\u5927\u4f7f\u5df2\u5c062008\u5e74\u5bf9\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6210\u5c31\u201d\uff0c\u56e0<\/span>\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u201c\u5c0a\u91cd\u201d\u3002<\/span>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u66f4\u770b\u91cd<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong>\u89d2\u8272\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c<\/span><\/strong>\u975e<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u671b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0b<\/span>\u5730\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span>\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span>\u4ed6<\/span>\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u66f4\u52a0<\/span>\u6e34\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/span>\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c<\/span>\u6216<\/span>\u8005<\/span>\u8fdb\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765<\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u672a\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/strong>\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u5148\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u5730\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><\/strong>\u5176\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u516b\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span><\/strong>\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u4ece\u5c5e<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span>\u611f\u53d7\u5230<\/span>\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u73b0\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc<\/span>\u8005<\/span>\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>\u5176<\/span>\u56fd\u9645<\/span>\u58f0\u671b<\/span>\u66f4<\/span>\u4e3a<\/span>\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b63\u89c6\u4e92\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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