{"id":16696,"date":"2020-02-25T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-02-25T11:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/25\/41b1540602\/"},"modified":"2020-02-25T19:06:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T11:06:48","slug":"41b1540602","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/25\/41b1540602\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u3011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a2003-2015 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c338\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u3011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a2003-2015<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/strong><\/span>Tom Sauer\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5b89\u7279\u536b\u666e\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6838\u519b\u63a7\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u6269\u6563\u4ee5\u53ca\u88c1\u519b\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u9648\u52c7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u8d75\u96f7<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u65bd\u6995<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u8d3a\u5955<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/strong><\/span>Sauer, T. (2019). The Role of Informal International Organizations in Resolving the Iranian Nuclear Crisis (2003\u201315). JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 57<\/em>(5), 939-955.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u671f\u520a\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u300a\u5171\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Journal of Common Market Studies\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u5173\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u533a\u57df\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u6210\u679c\u3002\u6742\u5fd7\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u30022018\u5e74\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a2.746\uff0c\u572891\u4efd\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c12\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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The Role of Informal International Organizations in Resolving the Iranian Nuclear Crisis (2003\u201315)<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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Tom Sauer<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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2015\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u56e2\u201c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\uff08the EU-3+3 or P5+1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u201d\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u5408\u5168\u9762\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff08the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action\uff0cJCPOA\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u201d\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9488\u5bf9\u6c11\u7528\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5916\u4ea4\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5916\u4ea4\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e2018\u5e745\u6708\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u51fa\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u57282003\u5e74\u81f32015\u5e74\u95f4\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1aE3\uff08\u5373\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u3001EU-3\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd+\u6b27\u76df\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u548cthe EU-3 + 3\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd+\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5373\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\uff09\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8fbe\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5982\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u672a\u80fd\u81ea\u4e3b\u63a8\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u65e0\uff08\u6216\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u8f7b\u7684\uff09\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u56fd\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e89\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u6ce8\u3011\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Informal International Organizations\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u76f4\u8bd1\u5e94\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u6761\u7ea6\u6216\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4e66\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u8003 https:\/\/legal.un.org\/ilc\/reports\/2011\/chinese\/chp5.pdf\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u81ea\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u53c2\u8003\u7684Vabulas\u548cSnidal\u6587\u7ae0\uff08Vabulas F, Snidal D. Organization without delegation: Informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs) and the spectrum of intergovernmental arrangements[J]. The Review of International Organizations, 2013, 8(2): 193-220.\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636eVabulas\u548cSnidal\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u56fd\u5173\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08International organization\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ec5\u56ca\u62ec\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08formal entities\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u79d8\u4e66\u5904\u548c\u603b\u90e8\u7b49\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u673a\u6784\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08Formal Intergovernmental Organization, FIGO\uff09\u201d\u3002Vabulas\u548cSnidal\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u201c\u6b63\u5f0f\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08Informal Intergovernmental Organization, IIGO\uff09\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u6ce8\u660eIntergovernmental Organization\u548cInternational Organization\u4e24\u8bcd\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f55\u65f6\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f\u6839\u636eVabulas and Snidal (2013, p. 219)\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u8c08\u5224\u6210\u672c\u3001\uff08\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\uff09\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u6210\u672c\uff08sovereignty costs\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8fd8\u5c06\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u8054\u76df\uff08intra international organization coalitions\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u7ed3\u76df\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08nonaligned countries in the UN\uff0cG77\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u5143\u96c6\u56e2\uff08Eurogroup\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u754c\u5b9a\u5176\uff08\u6210\u5458\u7684\uff09\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u573a\u6240\u5982G-7\u3001G-8\u548cG-20\u7b49\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u534f\u5546\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8865\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6210\u5458\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458\uff09\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u56e2\u95f4\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6216\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec5\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u67d0\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5373\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ad hoc informal international organizations\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u7edc\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08International Contact Group\uff0cICG\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e1977\u5e74\u89e3\u51b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd4\u4e9a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u62c9\u7f8e\u7684\u5b54\u5854\u591a\u62c9\u96c6\u56e2\uff08Contadora Group\uff09\u3001\u524d\u5357\u95ee\u9898\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u7edc\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08the ICG for the former Yugoslavia\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u5e73\u56db\u65b9\u96c6\u56e2\uff08Middle East Quartet\uff09\u548c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u95ee\u9898\u4e09\u65b9\u8054\u7edc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b49\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u516d\u65b9\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u96c6\u56e2\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u65e2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5916\u4ea4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u66f4\u5177\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u8054\u76df\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u533a\u522b\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u88681\uff1a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/td>\n		\n
\n
\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u957f\u671f\u6027\/\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u8054\u76df\uff08\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6b27\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff08EU3 in EU\uff0c2004-2015\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u4e2d\u768477\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff1b\u6b27\u76df\u5185\u7684\u6b27\u5143\u96c6\u56e2\uff1b\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u56fd\u5bb6<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u81ea\u6cbb\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff08E3,2003\uff09\/ \u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\uff08EU3+3,2006-2015\uff09\uff1b\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u7edc\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff1b\u516d\u65b9\u4f1a\u8c08<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u9632\u6269\u6563\u5b89\u5168\u5021\u8bae\uff08Proliferation Security Initiative\uff0cPSI\uff09\uff1b\u4e03\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\/\u516b\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff1b\u53cd\u6d17\u94b1\u91d1\u878d\u884c\u52a8\u7279\u522b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff08FATF\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


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\uff08\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u5371\u673a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff08EU-3\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9996\u5148\u6574\u5408\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5c06\u5176\u544a\u77e5\u6b27\u76df\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u5f00\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff09\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6b27\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u8054\u76df\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e09\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u4f1a\u6216\u65e9\u6216\u665a\u5730\u9075\u5faa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c24\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u65bd\u52a0\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u65f6\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u540c\u610f\u6267\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f24\u5bb3\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff082003-2005\uff09\uff1aE3\/EU-3\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u8c08\u5224\u53ca\u7f14\u7ed3\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n


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2003\u5e743\u6708\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u653b\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65e7\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65b0\u6b27\u6d32\uff08\u652f\u6301\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u201d\u7684\u9694\u9602\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u5185\u5916\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u672a\u6765\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7edf\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\uff08\u6b27\u76df\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u64b0\u5199\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\u7684\u52a8\u8bae\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\uff08\u6784\u5efa\uff09\u66f4\u52a0\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u30024\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u6269\u6563\u5021\u8bae\uff08Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u7248\u672c\u57282003\u5e7412\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u6b27\u76df\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u7565\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u88ab\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u7406\u8bba\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u540c\u6837\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\uff1b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u5185\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fc7\u5f80\u6b27\u76df\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u9632\u6269\u6563\u9886\u57df\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ece\u300a\u9a6c\u65af\u7279\u91cc\u8d6b\u7279\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\uff08Common Foreign and Security Policy, CFSP\uff09\u53ca\u9632\u6269\u6563\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b27\u76df\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u6b67\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u53cd\u5bf9\u6682\u505c\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u534f\u5b9a\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2003\u5e749\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u7ed9\u4f0a\u6717\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u51762003\u5e7410\u6708\u5e95\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u613f\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4e8e10\u6708\u5e95\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u56e2\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u5e9c\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u6b27\u76df\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u66f4\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7531\u6b64\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u516c\u5f00\u6279\u8bc4\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ed\u95e8\u9020\u8f66\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e09\u56fd\u7531\u6b64\u5f00\u521b\uff08\u5e55\u540e\u534f\u5546\uff09\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u7acb\u201c\u4e09\u56fd\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff08E3-directoire\uff09\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u96c6\u56e2\uff08core group\uff09\u201d\u635f\u5bb3\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9632\u536b\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\uff08EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs\uff09\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u7d22\u62c9\u7eb3\uff08Javier Solana\uff09\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff08\u673a\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e09\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u3001\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u6b27\u76df\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5145\u5f53\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u8c08\u5224\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8054\u7cfb\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\uff08E3\uff09\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\uff08EU-3\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u6b27\u76df\u5e76\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u5e76\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\/\u6cbb\u7406\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u57282003\u81f32004\u5e74\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u30022003\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u540c\u610f\u6682\u505c\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u7b7e\u8ba2\u8865\u5145\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u7528\u6838\u80fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u4f0a\u6717\u201c\u80e1\u841d\u535c\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u8d38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u98de\u673a\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u800c\u8a00\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u6717\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u5c31\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u81ea\u534f\u8bae\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4ee5\u540e\u4fbf\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u30022004\u5e743\u6708\u548c6\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u5df4\u62c9\u8fea\u5148\u540e\u4e24\u6b21\u62a5\u544a\u4f0a\u6717\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u7f3a\u5931\u201d\u6216\u201c\u77db\u76fe\u201d\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\u8c34\u8d23\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u3001\u53ca\u65f6\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u9020\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u79bb\u5fc3\u673a<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e9\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u94c0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u94c0\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u5fc5\u987b\u572810\u6708\u5e95\u524d\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u56db\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u4fbf\u540c\u610f\u6682\u505c\u94c0\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u8981\u6c42\u4f0a\u6717\u572811\u6708\u5e95\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u30022004\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u9ece\u534f\u8bae\uff08Paris Agreement\uff09\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u58f0\u79f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u6682\u505c\u94c0\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u7b54\u5e94\u542f\u52a8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8f7b\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57282004\u5e74\u5e95\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u6b27\u76df\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u6743\u5229\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5531\u7ea2\u8138\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5531\u767d\u8138\uff08good cop\/bad cop\uff09\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b27\u76df\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6700\u597d\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff082006-2012\uff09\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5185\u4e0e\u5916\u9010\u6b65\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e0e\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u201d\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u6b64\u524d\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b27\u76df\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u516d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5e55\u540e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u65b9\u5171\u8d62\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56e0\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u800c\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u4ee5\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u201d\uff08Meier, 2013, p. 8\uff09\u6b27\u76df\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u7d22\u62c9\u7eb3\u4e5f\u57282005\u81f32007\u5e74\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u534f\u8c03\u8005(Posch, 2013, p. 184)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u81ea\u8eab\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u65bd\u52a0\u8f6f\u5236\u88c1\uff08soft sanctions\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u8fdb\u53e3\u603b\u989d\u4e2d\u53ea\u67094%\u6765\u81ea\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\uff0825%\uff09\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0812.5%\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\u7edd\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff09\u6700\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u65bd\u52a0\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\uff09\u6216\u6743\u529b\u8003\u91cf\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u6700\u652f\u6301\u5f3a\u786c\u8def\u7ebf\uff08Sauer, 2014\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6b27\u76df\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u90fd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e09\u56fd\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56e0\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u5dee\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u610f\u613f\u4e5f\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff08\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\uff09\u5176\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\/\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u610f\u613f\u5e94\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ece\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u6743\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u5165\u624b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea2003\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6b27\u6d32\uff08\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8d70\u5411\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u5e03\u4ec0\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u4e4b\u540e\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u76df\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u4f7f\u5176\u4ecd\u4e0d\u613f\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08\u5e94\u5bf9\uff09\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6218\u7565\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\/\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u8f6c\u53d8\u5176\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u6cd5\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u6c11\u7528\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5176\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8f83\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u4e09\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\u6700\u4e3a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u7b54\u4e3a\u4f55\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u4e09\u56fd\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5f85\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6700\u4e3a\u67d4\u548c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u534f\u52a9\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u88c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2009\u5e74\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u871c\u6708\u671f\u3002\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u4e3b\u52a8\u516c\u5f00\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u672a\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e5f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5f3a\u786c\u30022010\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6709\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u51fa\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u624d\u540c\u610f\u5347\u7ea7\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec2012\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u7981\u8fd0\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u9879\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\/\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\u57282003\u81f32005\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u52aa\u529b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bf4\u670d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6000\u7591\u77f3\u6cb9\u7981\u8fd0\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u9879\u5236\u88c1\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff09\u6b27\u76df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee5\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u4e3a\u534f\u8c03\u8005\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u5916\u4ea4\u65f6\u671f\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7206\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff082012-2015\uff09\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u5c31\u4f0a\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u534f\u5546<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u65b9\u9762\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5236\u88c1\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u4f0a\u6717\u56de\u5230\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u7684\u539f\u56e0(Adebahr, 2013, p.124; Borszik, 2014; Meier, 2013, p. 16)\u3002\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u6108\u52a0\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u662f2013\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u540e\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u9c81\u54c8\u5c3c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e0a\u53f0\u3002\u9c81\u54c8\u5c3c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f2004\u81f32006\u5e74\u95f4\u4f0a\u6717\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8c08\u5224\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u7ade\u9009\u671f\u95f4\u5c31\u627f\u8bfa\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u548c\u5173\u4e8e\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5bf9\u8bdd\u65b9\u3002\u7531\u963f\u66fc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u65b9\u7684\u7f8e\u4f0a\u53cc\u8fb9\u79d8\u5bc6\u8c08\u5224\u81ea2013\u5e74\u521d\u4fbf\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4e0b\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u9c81\u54c8\u5c3c\u7acb\u523b\u7740\u624b\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c2013\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u8fbe\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u5219\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u6838\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u57282015\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7b7e\u7f72\u534f\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u8054\u5408\u5168\u9762\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action\uff0cJCPOA\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e09\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/span>
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\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u6b27\u6d32\u4e09\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\u548c\u4f0a\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u516d\u56fd\u5728\u4ee5\u5916\u4ea4\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e24\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\u4f18\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4e3a\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff08\u8fd8\u67092006\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u8c08\u5224\u4e89\u53d6\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u89c1\u88682\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u88682\uff1a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff082003-2015\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n

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3\uff09\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e89\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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1\uff09\u963b\u6b62\u6b27\u76df\u5c312003\u5e74\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u88c2<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u9632\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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\u6b27\u76df\u4e09\u56fd\uff082004-2005\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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\u6b27\u76df<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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1\uff09\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u5185\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e89\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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1\uff09\u963b\u6b62\u6b27\u76df\u5c312004\u5e74\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u88c2<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u9632\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89<\/p>\n

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1\uff09\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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1\uff09\u963b\u6b62\u6b27\u76df\u5c31\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bae\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u88c2\uff1a<\/p>\n

– \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u88c1<\/p>\n

– \u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u5236\u88c1<\/p>\n

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1\uff09\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e89\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n

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1\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u5c31\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u591a\u8fb9\u5236\u88c1\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8bc6<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u534f\u8bae\uff082015\uff09<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u534f\u8bae\uff082015\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u3011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a2003-2015<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u3011\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a2003-2015<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Tom Sauer\uff0c\u6bd4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16697,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16696"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16703,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16696\/revisions\/16703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}