{"id":16624,"date":"2020-02-19T12:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T10:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/20\/118ef9e549\/"},"modified":"2020-02-20T18:33:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T10:33:21","slug":"118ef9e549","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/19\/118ef9e549\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c334\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>E<\/span>milie Hafner-Burton<\/span>, <\/span>\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u5168\u7403\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Miles Kahler <\/span>, <\/span>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u5b66\u9662\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u8fed\u6208\u5206\u6821\u5168\u7403\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u5b66\u9662\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexander H. Montgomery<\/span>, \u91cc\u5fb7\u5b66\u9662\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u5f20\u664b\u5c9a\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u8521\u5b87<\/span>
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\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u91d1\u7433<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u674e\u4f73\u9716<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Emilie M. Hafner-Burton, Miles Kahler and Alexander H. Montgomery (2009). \u201cNetwork Analysis for International Relations\u201d. <\/span>International Organization,<\/em> <\/span>63<\/em>(3), 559-592.<\/span> <\/span>doi:10.1017\/S0020818309090195<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

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International Organization<\/span><\/em>\uff08\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>IO<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u5b63\u520a\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e89\u7aef\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u8054\u76df\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d44\u672c\u6d41\u52a8\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u7acb<\/span><\/span>\u4e8e<\/span>1947\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5251<\/span><\/span>\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u662f\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>Erik Voeten\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6839\u636e<\/span>Journal Citation Reports<\/span>\u663e\u793a\uff0c<\/span>2018\u5e74<\/span>IO<\/span>\u6742\u5fd7\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>4.508<\/span>\uff0c\u5728<\/span>91<\/span>\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\uff08<\/span>1\/91<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5728<\/span>176<\/span>\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7c7b\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\uff08<\/span>1\/176<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Network Analysis for International Relations<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

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\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff08<\/span><\/span>networks\uff09<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u65e2\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff08<\/span>toolkit\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\uff08<\/span>structures\uff09\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\uff08outcomes<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u89c2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\uff08access<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e1a\u52a1<\/span>\uff08<\/span>brokerage\uff09\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u9009\u9879\uff08exit options<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u952e\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\uff08international outcomes<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bae\u7a0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff08<\/span>toolkit\uff09\u4ee5\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09<\/span>, <\/span>\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff08tools of network analysis<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u666f\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cbb\u7406\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span> \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u975e\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u610f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5143\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u6eaf\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u7a0b.20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>60<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f3<\/span>70<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u56fd\u9645<\/span>\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<\/span>IGOs<\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u6765<\/span>\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u59cb\u4e8e<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>70<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4f9d\u9644\u8bba<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u300220<\/span><\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7531\u8282\u70b9\uff08<\/span>nodes\uff09\uff08\u6216\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff08links<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff08<\/span>\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<\/span>\u8054\u7ed3\uff08<\/span>ties\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u91d1\u94b1\u6216\u75be\u75c5\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u89c4\u8303\uff09\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6e20\u9053<\/span>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u80fd\u591f<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08<\/span>define\uff09\u3001\u542f\u52a8\uff08enable<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff08restrict<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u8282\u70b9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08<\/span>Wasserman & Faust, 1994\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u7f51<\/span><\/strong>\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ec4\u6216\u591a\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/strong>1. \u8861\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92<\/span>\u52a8<\/span>\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u8054\u7ed3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\uff09\u6216\u8005\u662f\u591a\u5143\u6027<\/span>\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff09\u3002\u8054\u7ed3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u6216\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7ed3\uff08<\/span>network ties\uff09\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u671f\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8054\u7ed3\u5177<\/span>\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u7cfb\u6c11\u4f17\u6216\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u76f4\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\uff08<\/span>direct networks\uff09\uff1b\u8054\u76df\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u7f51\u7edc\uff08affiliation networks<\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\uff08implicit networks<\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7531\u5171\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u94fe<\/span>\u63a5\u800c\u6210<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u56fe<\/span>1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e03\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IGOs<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e94\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/section>\n
\u56fe1<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u4ece\u5c5e\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57<\/span>1\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\uff09\u8f6c\u7f6e\uff08<\/span>transpose<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u77e9\u9635\uff08<\/span>sociomatrix<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u201c Uni<\/span><\/span>ted States \u201d\u6240\u5728\u884c\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c France <\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u6240\u5728\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u503c<\/span>4<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e3a<\/span>4<\/span>\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5171\u4eab\u56db\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u7684<\/span>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>centrality<\/strong>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5212\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u5b50\u7fa4\uff08<\/span>subgroups\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08<\/span>1\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>degree\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\uff08closeness<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6027\uff08betweenness<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u7684<\/span>\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7ed3\u503c\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/span>\u63a5\u8fd1<\/span><\/strong>\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>closeness centrality\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u6210\u7684<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u4e2d\u95f4<\/span><\/strong>\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>betweenness centrality\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff08connectedness<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6807\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span>\u52a0\u6743\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>eigenvector centrality\uff09\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08informational centrality<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6d41\u4ecb\u6570\uff08flow betweenness centrality<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u52a0\u6743\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u548c\u8054\u7ed3\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u6d4b\u91cf\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u65e2\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span>\u6d41\u4ecb\u6570<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u603b\u8d44\u6e90\u6d41\uff08total resource flow<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8868<\/span>1\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516d\u79cd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u56fe<\/span>1<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5ea6\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6027\u8054\u7ed3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u5217\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u52a0\u6743\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u8054\u7ed3\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8861\u91cf\u9644\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u503c\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u4e0e\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u89c6\u89d2\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b83\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5ea6\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u89c6\u89d2\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u4e2d\u6027\u8f83\u5f31\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>2\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u5b50\u7fa4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7ed3\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7ed3\u8db3\u591f\u7d27\u5bc6\uff08\u51dd\u805a\u5b50\u7fa4cohesive subgroups<\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u3002<\/span>\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\uff08<\/span>clique\uff09\u662f\u6307\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u6210\u5458\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u8054\u7ed3<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fe<\/span>1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5ea6\u503c\u4e3a<\/span>1<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u503c\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5171\u540c\u5904\u5728<\/span>4\u4e2a\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u3002<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49<\/span><\/strong>\u4ef7\u96c6\u7fa4\uff08<\/span>structurally equivalent cluster\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff08<\/span>group\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u4f3c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u56fe<\/span>1<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u3002\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ec4\u7fa4\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5757\u6a21\u578b\uff08blockmodel<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
   \u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7cfb\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u521b\u5efa<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u673a\u5236\uff08<\/span><\/strong>relational mechanisms\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span>\u4e2a\u4f53\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>individual mechanisms<\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u56fe<\/span>2\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u56fe<\/span>1<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5236\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u5e73\u8861\uff08structual balance<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4ef7\uff08structural equivalence<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u5e73\u8861\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6216\u4f20\u9012\u6027\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\uff08\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u548c\u6d88\u6781\uff08\u654c\u5bf9\uff09\u8054\u7ed3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u662f\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u9884\u671f\u56fe<\/span>2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\uff08\u79ef\u6781\u7684\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4ef7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7ed3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u8282\u70b9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u5f62\u6210\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff09\u6216\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u6210\u8054\u7ed3\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5f31\u5316\u52a3\u52bf\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fe<\/span>2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6210\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u5206\u522b\u62e5\u6709\u79bb\u5fc3\u6d53\u7f29\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5f39\u9053\u5bfc\u5f39\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>network connections<\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u65b0\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u504f\u597d\u8fde\u63a5\uff08<\/span>preferential attachment\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5f31\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8054\u7ed3\u3002\u5728\u56fe<\/span>2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6700\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u8861\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
3. <\/span><\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u547d\u9898\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u7fa4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u76f8\u5173\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6709\u5f85\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u52a8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u6f5c\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u7fa4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u7fa4\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u51dd\u805a\u5b50\u7fa4\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5185\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5916\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5229<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Levine & Moreland,1998\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u9762\u4e34\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\uff08<\/span>network dynamics\uff09\u5bf9\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5ea6\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u8d8a\u591a\u5219\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b2\u7a81<\/span>\uff08<\/span>HafnerBurton & Montgomery,<\/span> 2006\uff09\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u8861\u91cf\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u7ed3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u8861\u91cf\u96c6\u4f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\uff08\u5982\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff08<\/span>robustness\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff08<\/span>network structure<\/span>\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62b5\u5fa1\u7834\u574f\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5197\u4f59\u94fe\u63a5\uff08<\/span>redundant links<\/span>\uff09\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5065\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u529b\u89c2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
1. \u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\uff08social power<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
Knoke\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7a00\u7f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08Kn<\/span><\/span>oke, 1990\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ea6\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ad8\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8bb8\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u5f3a\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ece\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u4ece\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7edc\u6210\u5458\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5851\u9020\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\uff08<\/span>access\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u65bd\u52a0\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8054\u7ed3\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u9884\u671f\uff1a\u5904\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u626e\u6f14\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>network brokers\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5355\u7eaf\u7684<\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\uff08<\/span>simple access\uff09\u53ea\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u6216\u5f31\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u7ec4\uff09\u5177\u6709\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u5982\u56fe<\/span>1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u83b7\u53d6\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6865\u6881\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6027\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
3. \u9000\u51fa\u9009\u9879<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>exit options\uff09\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u975e\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u6216\u65ad\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\uff08<\/span>de-link\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b\uff08<\/span>bargaining power\uff09\u662f\u5145\u5f53\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5904\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u7f18\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\u5f31\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u884c\u4f7f\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u5229\u7528\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u52aa\u529b\uff08strategic efforts<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u5a01\u80c1\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u5a01\u80c1\uff08exit threats<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9\u4f18\u5148\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u5a01\u80c1\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f1a\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u529b\u8870\u5f31\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u5a01\u80c1\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u8bae\u4ef7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6216\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
4. \u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u65bd\u52a8\u6027\uff08agency<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027\uff08fungibility<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u5341\u5206<\/span><\/strong>\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong>\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8865\u5145\u6216\u62b5\u6d88\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u975e<\/span>\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\uff08<\/span>agents\uff09\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span>  <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62b5\u6d88\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6743\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u6211\u589e\u5f3a\uff08<\/span>self-reinforcing\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u52a0\u6df1\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56db\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b0\u6d6a\u6f6e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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1<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6b66\u5668\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0e\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6697\u7f51<\/span>\uff08<\/span>dark networks\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6253\u51fb\u6697\u7f51\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5904\u65b9\uff08<\/span>policy prescriptions\uff09\u4ee5\u74e6\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u8702\u7a9d\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\uff09\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\uff09\u7684\u7b3c\u7edf\u5047\u8bbe\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7f16\u5236\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff08<\/span>international inequality\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u5851\u9020\u6743\u529b\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Hafner-Burton\u548c<\/span>Montgomery<\/span>\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff08<\/span><\/span>Hafner-Burton &<\/span> Montgomery, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u4f4d<\/span>\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u52a0\u52a1\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7b49\u4ef7\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5185\u504f\u597d\uff08<\/span>in-group favoritism\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
3<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u80fd\u5951\u5408\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span>Maoz\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7ed3\u6784\u5e73\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08<\/span><\/span>Maoz et al. , 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff08<\/span>outcomes\uff09\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0cIngram<\/span><\/span>\u3001Robinson<\/span><\/span>\u548cBusch<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u591a\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff08<\/span><\/span>Ingram, Robinson &<\/span> Busch,<\/span> 2005\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMaoz\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6781\u5316\uff08<\/span>network polarization\uff09\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Maoz,2006\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8054\u76df\u6781\u5316\u548c\u6218\u7565\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8d38\u6613\u6781\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5177\u6709\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
4. <\/span><\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6709\u6548\u6570\u636e\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u6027\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>1816\u5e74\u5230<\/span>2000\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u7684\u5171\u6709\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\uff08<\/span>mutual membership\uff09\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Pevehouse, Nordstrom & Warnke, 2003\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u6709\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Oneal & Russett, 1999; Pevehouse & Russett, 2006\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u76f4<\/span>\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08<\/span>directly measured\uff09\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u4e14\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u589e\u957f\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5916\u4ea4\u627f\u8ba4\uff08diplomatic recognition<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e94\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5f15\u8fdb\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u6619\u82b1\u4e00\u73b0\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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1<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u51e0\u70b9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/span>\uff08<\/span>datasets\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08<\/span>micro-theories of causality\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff08\u5982\u72af\u7f6a\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u5f97\u51c6\u786e\u4e14\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5951\u5408\u5ea6\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8bae\u7a0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u4ee5\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
2<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305<\/span>\uff08<\/span>toolkit\uff09\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e09\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u6709\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u96be\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08<\/span>lopsided belief\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u673a\u6784\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4eab\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u673a\u6784\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
3<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u5f15\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u540c\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08<\/span>outcomes\uff09\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u57fa\u7840\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2a\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
4<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong>\u8fd0\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u68c0\u9a8c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5b8f\u89c2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6269\u6563\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff1f\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff08<\/span>metaphor\uff09\uff08Bull,1977; Buzan, Jones & little, 1993; Meyer et al. ,1997; Ruggie, 1998; Wendt, 1999; Jackson & Nexon, 1999<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u5171\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Checkel,2001; Johnston,2001, 2008\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5e38\u89c1\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5951\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u5177\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u673a\u9047\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a2\u7d22\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u4e0e\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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