{"id":16549,"date":"2020-02-17T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T11:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/17\/c1addd42d2\/"},"modified":"2020-02-17T19:07:24","modified_gmt":"2020-02-17T11:07:24","slug":"c1addd42d2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/17\/c1addd42d2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3011\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069\uff1a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u80fd\u7ed9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c332\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3011\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069\uff1a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u80fd\u7ed9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f|<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069(Alastair Iain Johnston)\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6700\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6218\u7565\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u674e\u6e90\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u5b66\u9662\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u66f9\u9e4f\u9e4f<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u8d3a\u51e1\u7199<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/strong><\/span>\u8d3a\u5955<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/strong><\/span>Johnston, A. I. (2012). What (If Anything) Does East Asia Tell Us About International Relations Theory?. Annual Review of Political Science, 15<\/em>(1), 53-78.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u671f\u520a\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Annual Review of Political Science\u81ea1998\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e Journal Citation Reports\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u51762018\u5e74\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a3.915\uff0c\u5728176\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7c7b\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c6\u4f4d\uff086\/176\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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What (If Anything) Does East Asia Tell Us About International Relations Theory?<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Alastair Iain Johnston<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span>
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\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u4eca\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5916\u90e8\u6709\u6548\u6027\u95ee\u9898(external-validity problems)\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ffd\u89c6\u67d0\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9a\u6027\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76(qualitative case studies)\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6(large-N database)\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u6837\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u666e\u904d\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6216\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6848\u4f8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6311\u6218\u65e2\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u4e1c\u4e9a\uff09\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u67d0\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6761\u4ef6(scope condition)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6837\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7f16\u7801(code)\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6848\u4f8b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u7f16\u7801\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6(local knowledge)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5438\u7eb3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u6f5c\u5728\u76ca\u5904\u3002<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5438\u7eb3\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u660e\u786e\u54ea\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u63a8\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u5236\u8861\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u662f\u5426\u6e90\u4e8e\u8c08\u5224\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ca\u5904\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u94c1\u5f8b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u9886\u571f\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>
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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7ed3\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u9884\u6d4b\u5f31\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5236\u8861\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u5f53\u5d1b\u8d77\u56fd\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5dee\u8ddd\u8db3\u591f\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5d1b\u8d77\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u3002\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5d1b\u8d77\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u6311\u6218\u9738\u6743\u56fd\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7ed9\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6307\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8981\u663e\u793a\uff08\u5d1b\u8d77\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\uff09\u5728GDP\u3001\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u65e5\u76ca\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u60f3\u663e\u793a\u51fa\uff08\u5d1b\u8d77\u56fd\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u5426\u8ba4\u5747\u52bf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6b63\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u4e0a\u6f14\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u672a\u5236\u8861\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u826f\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f7f\u5f97\u5236\u8861\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981(Kang 2003, 2003\/2004, 2009a,b)\uff1b\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4f7f\u5f97\u5236\u8861\u6210\u672c\u8fc7\u9ad8(Kang 2009a, Chan 2010, p. 297)\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u8bf8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u53d8\u6570(Beeson 2009)\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u6d77\u4e0a\u90bb\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4f7f\u5f97\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9738\u6743\u610f\u56fe(Kurlantzick 2007, Chanborey 2009)\u3002\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5c0f\u56fd\u5e76\u672a\u91c7\u53d6\u5236\u8861\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff1a\u5982\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u63a5\u89e6\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u7ea6\u675f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u501f\u52a9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u4fdd\u969c (Schweller 1999; Ciorciari 2009; Breslin 2010, p. 725)\u3002\u9976\u4e49(Denny Roy)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5236\u8861\u201d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u5236\u8861\u201d\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c(Pape 2005 and Paul 2005)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e\u5f00\u59cb\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u201c\u5236\u8861\u7f3a\u5931\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5747\u52bf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u591a\u5143\u3002\u5236\u8861\u3001\u8ffd\u968f\u4e0e\u5b89\u629a\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u5927\u56fd\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u7565\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/strong>\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5927\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u5bf9\u51b2\u4e0e\u4fdd\u9669\u7b56\u7565(insurance)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u652f\u6301\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u91d1\u5b87\u7965(Woosang Kim)\u76f8\u4fe1\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8(Mearsheimer)\u4e0eNicholas Khoo\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u8fdb\u653b\u6027\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5236\u8861\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8d3a\u51ef\u5c06\u5236\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u4f7f\u7528\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5eb7\u707f\u96c4(David C. Kang)\u4e0e\u51ef\u5229(Robert E. Kelly)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece15\u4e16\u7eaa\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4f53\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5eb7\u707f\u96c4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u671d\u8d21\u5236\u5ea6\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d89\u53ca\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f7f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u548c\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6765\u6e90\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u51ef\u5229\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u826f\u6027\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236(Johnston 1995, Wang 2011)\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff0c\u5eb7\u707f\u96c4\u548c\u51ef\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u83b1\u514b(2009)\u66f4\u4e3a\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4e0e\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6388\u4e88\u7ed9\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u95f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u83b1\u514b\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u201c\u5951\u7ea6(contract)\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e14\u88ab\u6df1\u6df1\u5185\u5316\u7684(Kelly 2011)\u3002\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u89c2\u70b9\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u3001\u5185\u5316\u4e0e\u4e60\u60ef\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u4e0e\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u6301(see Phillips 2011)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u677e\u6563\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/strong>\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u66fc\u9640\u7f57\u4f53\u7cfb(mandala system)\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u5c01\u5efa\u6b27\u6d32\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8f83\u4f4e\u7b49\u7ea7\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9886\u571f\u8fb9\u754c\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u7075\u6d3b\u4e0e\u6269\u6563\u6027\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u8fb9\u754c\u90a3\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u66fc\u9640\u7f57\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u83b1\u514b\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5f97\u4ee5\u521b\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/strong>\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u5c0f\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u660e\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6865\u6881\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4(Shih 2010)\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u6d3e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u201c\u5927\u6982\u5ff5(big idea)\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u79e9\u5e8f\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u5929\u4e0b(all-underheaven)\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5361\u8d5e\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f3a\u5c11\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u6784\u6210\u6027\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb(patron\u2013client relations)\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e1c\u4e9a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u7269\u8d28\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u8005\u6b66\u5668\u201d\u3002\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5c0f\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u8981\u4e48\u8fc7\u65f6\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\u6316\u6398\u3002<\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\uff08\u5bf9\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\uff09\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5374\u8868\u660e\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u671d\u8d21\u5236\u5ea6\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u670d\u4ece\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u9677\u5165\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u77db\u76fe(existential conflict\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u4fe1\u5730\u5a01\u80c1\u6536\u56de\u652f\u6301)\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u5c5e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u88ab\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u6240\u7275\u5236\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u82cf\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u4e1c\u76df\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5c0f\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6f5c\u5728\u5bf9\u624b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5229\u76ca(Ba 2009)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d3\u5bbd\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c0f\u56fd\u5411\u5f3a\u56fd\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u73b0\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u6b27\u76df\u5c0f\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f(ASEAN Way)\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u732e\u5206\u6790\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e1c\u76df\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/strong>\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8c28\u614e\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u8bc6\u4e0e\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u591a\u8fb9\u5236\u5ea6\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u59ff\u6001\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51b3\u7b56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4e1c\u76df\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u4e0e\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u504f\u7231\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6548\u529b\u5e76\u65e0\u592a\u591a\u501f\u9274\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5236\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5404\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u6b27\u76df\u4e0e\u4e9a\u592a\u7ecf\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0cBeeson Jayasuriya(1998)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u6027\uff08\u6216\u4ee5\u56fd\u5185\u5b89\u5168\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u5219\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5219\u4ece\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5730\u533a\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5361\u8d5e\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u8106\u5f31\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u575a\u51b3\u634d\u536b\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5e76\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u9ad8\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5236\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e1c\u76df\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u65e5\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u5747\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u4e1c\u76df\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5219\u5173\u6ce8APEC\u548c\u4e1c\u76df\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u5185\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u8861\u91cf\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6548\u529b\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46<\/strong>\u81ea\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u5374\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u63a8\u6d4b\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed9\u4e1c\u76df\u5185\u90e8\u53ca\u4e1c\u76df\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\uff0c<\/strong>\u800c\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u4f53\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u533a\u57df\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5176\u8c03\u8282\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef(Ryu 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2014\u2014\u89c4\u8303\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u571f\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u542f\u793a<\/strong>(Acharya 1997, 2009; Capie 2008)\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u89c4\u8303\u6269\u6563\u7684\u6587\u732e\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u201c\u89c2\u5ff5\u5021\u5bfc\u8005(ideas entrepreneurs)\u201d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u6559\u6388\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a(Acharya)\u548c\u51ef\u76ae(Capie)\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u8981\u4e48\u5c06\u89c4\u8303\u6269\u6563\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u6027\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u586b\u8865\u5173\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u6269\u6563\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u8f68\u534a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6216\u4e8c\u8f68\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5171\u540c\u4f53(epistemic communities)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6709\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6b63\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u9879\u5728\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7740\u58a8\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u3001\u534a\u5b98\u65b9\u548c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8de8\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5947(Karl Deutsch)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e5f\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4f55\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u53cc\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5374\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u591a\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\u3002<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u8f66\u7ef4\u5fb7(Victor D. Cha)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e8e\u9644\u5c5e\u56fd\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u591a\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u53cc\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u9632\u6b62\u201c\u88ab\u7275\u8fde\u201d\u3002\u6c49\u9ed8\u3001\u5361\u8d5e\u65af\u5766\u4e0e\u51ef\u76ae(Hemmer, Katzenstein, Capie )\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u8bc4\u4ef7\u591a\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u628a\u975e\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e73\u7b49\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\u5219\u4ece\u9700\u6c42\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u591a\u8fb9\u540c\u76df\u5e76\u65e0\u592a\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c49\u9ed8\u3001\u5361\u8d5e\u65af\u5766\u548c\u51ef\u76ae\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/strong>\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u6cd5\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u4e24\u70b9\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u8981\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u6548\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8eab\u4efd\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n


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\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5185\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5bf919\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6301\u7eed\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u4e2d\u97e9\u4e24\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d3a\u51ef\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u6709\u610f\u57f9\u517b\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u523021\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5047\u8bbe\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u88ab\u540e\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u5373\u5f31\u52bf\u653f\u6743\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e8e\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6797\u5fb7(Jennifer Lind)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u4ece\u67d0\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u63a8\u6d4b\u5176\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5979\u5229\u7528\u5fb7\u6cd5\u3001\u65e5\u97e9\u4e24\u5bf9\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u63a8\u6d4b\u8be5\u56fd\u5584\u610f\u6216\u6076\u610f\u610f\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7c73\u52d2(Miller)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5370\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u53d6\u5411\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6784\u6548\u5e94(isomorphic effect)\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u3001\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0e\u5bf9\u9886\u571f\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u634d\u536b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u654c\u5bf9\u751a\u81f3\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u4e4b\u4e00(Weber 2011)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5bf9\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ecd\u7f3a\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/strong>\u9648\u6d01\u4eea(Jessica Weiss)\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cc\u5c42\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6253\u201c\u7ed1\u624b\u201d\u724c\u7684\u989d\u5916\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6216\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5176\u4ed6\u5a01\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u5907\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66f4\u66ff\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u72ec\u5927\u6216\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\uff08\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u5047\u8bbe( Johnston & Stockmann 2011)\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u5f02\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\u65f6\uff0c\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f53\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u9762\u4e34\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u5371\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5a01\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u5a01\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/strong>\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u97e9\u56fd\u76f8\u7ee7\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u5374\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u662f\u5426\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fbf\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u97e9\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u4fbf\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e73\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u540c\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ecd\u5b58\u4e8e\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80dc\u8fc7\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1f<\/strong>\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u97e9\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u4e14\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u5177\u5a01\u80c1\u6027(Midford 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u4e0e\u9886\u571f\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u6837\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u9057\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u628a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5f15\u8fdb\u6765(bringing East Asia in)\u201d\u5c06\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e3b\u8981\u4e89\u8bba\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u62c9\u5361\u6258\u65af\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u70b9\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u3001\u524a\u5f31\u3001\u8865\u5145\u6291\u6216\u6311\u6218\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u628a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5f15\u8fdb\u6765\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u6216\u533a\u57df\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u5ea6\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u9732\u5176\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5bf9\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u9700\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u7406\u8bba\u501f\u9274\u800c\u975e\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5982\u672c\u6587\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5a01\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u72ec\u6709\uff0c\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u7f3a\u4e4f\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7528\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53(wrong actors)\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u636e(bad data)\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931(missing data)\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd(Lemke 2003, p. 132)\uff0c\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9057\u6f0f\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3011\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069\uff1a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u80fd\u7ed9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f|<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3011\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069\uff1a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u80fd\u7ed9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f|<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u6c5f\u5fc6\u6069(Alastai<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16550,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16549"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16556,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549\/revisions\/16556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}