{"id":16392,"date":"2020-02-08T10:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-02-08T10:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/08\/c5819806cb\/"},"modified":"2020-02-08T18:52:38","modified_gmt":"2020-02-08T10:52:38","slug":"c5819806cb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/02\/08\/c5819806cb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5e1d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5173\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c325\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u73cd\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u76ae\u8328\uff08Jennifer Pitts\uff09\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\uff08Pitts. J. (2018). Boundaries of the International: Law and Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5d14\u6db5\u5b87<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pitts, Jennifer. “Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism.” Annual Review of Political Science<\/em>, vol. 13, no. 1, 2010, pp. 211-235,doi:10.1146\/annurev.polisci.051508.214538.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08Annual Review of Political Science\uff09\u662f\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bc4\u8bba\u7cfb\u5217\uff08Annual Reviews\uff09\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u520a\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6839\u636e2018\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u8bc1\u62a5\u544a\uff08Journal Citation Report\uff0cJCR)\uff0c\u51762018\u5e74\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a3.915\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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Jennifer Pitts<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

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       \u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6700\u7280\u5229\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u79d1\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\uff09\u88ab\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4ee51978\u5e74\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\uff08Edward Said\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u300b\uff08Orientalism\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u56fd\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u800c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u88ab\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6d89\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7684\u5730\u533a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f81\u670d\u5e76\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u5927\u9646\u9886\u571f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u53c8\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e4\u5df4\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7b49\u975e\u5408\u5e76\u9886\u571f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6b63\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4f46\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u83ab\u5367\u513f\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u672c\u6587\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bf9\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u201d\u505a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u9886\u571f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u533a\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u9886\u571f\u6307\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u4ece\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u571f\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\u548c\u201c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5916\u56f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5265\u524a\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5360\u9886\u548c\u541e\u5e76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u593a\u53d6\u201d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u65e2\u5f3a\u8c03\u6743\u529b\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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      \u5e15\u6208\u767b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u6210\u679c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5728\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u5e1d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5851\u9020\u4f8b\u5982\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u7b49\u8fd1\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5e15\u683c\u767b\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/span>\u5854\u5229\u628a\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6d1b\u514b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7acb\u5baa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6ce2\u8003\u514b\u5219\u575a\u6301\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5371\u673a\u201d\uff08crisis of seaborne empires\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5bf9\u672c\u5e94\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u65f6\u4ee3\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5931\u5e8f\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/span>\u800c\u6b63\u5982\u5854\u514b\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u89c2\u6743\u5229\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u662f\u4ece\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u6784\u60f3\u4e3b\u6743\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6c11\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u822a\u6d77\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u56fd\u5c06\u5176\u5728\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6b63\u5982\u8fd1\u6765\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u3001\u5916\u8d38\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u6216\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u672c\u571f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u683c\u52b3\u79c0\u65af\u4ee3\u8868\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u8d77\u8349\u300a\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u5dde\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5728\u5dde\u5baa\u6cd5\u8d77\u8349\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5982\u4eca\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e4b\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5168\u7403\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span>\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u4e13\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c2\u70b9\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u5916\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\uff09\u662f\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5168\u7403\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4eec\u5e26\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u4f46\u88ab\u540e\u4e16\u8bfb\u8005\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf918\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Smith\uff09\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff08Kant\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u5c14\uff08Mill\uff09\u548c\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Tocqueville\uff09\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u80cc\u666f\u5bf9\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5ef6\u5c55\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u663e\u7136\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u6670\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6885\u5854\uff08Mehta\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\uff081999\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u53ca19\u4e16\u7eaa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u548c\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u542b\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6885\u5854\u8fd9\u4e00\u96c4\u8fa9\u7684\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5ffd\u7565\u4e8618\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u72c4\u5fb7\u7f57\u3001\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\u548c\u8fb9\u6c81\u7b49\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6279\u5224\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span>
<\/section>\n
      \u5e93\u73c0\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u8f68\u8ff9\u201d\uff08convoluted trajectory\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u6566\u4fc3\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0617\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8bdd\u8bed\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u5229\u6216\u81ea\u7531\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u5174\u5546\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span>
<\/section>\n
      \u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\u53ca\u5176\u4ece\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bc6\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u751f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u5bc6\u5c14\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u843d\u540e\u201d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7c97\u9c81\u548c\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8d77\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u201d\u66f4\u652f\u6301\u201c\u4e13\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u65e0\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u201c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ed6\u201c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u201d\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u66fc\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Mantena\uff09\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bc6\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f8b\u8bc1\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4ec5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0d\u591a\u4e14\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e1d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span>
<\/section>\n
      \u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u5c11\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u8fd1\u6765\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u7f57\u91d1\uff08Rogin\uff09\u5728\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5a01\u6743\u6216\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6311\u8d77\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u62c5\u5b50\u3002<\/span>
<\/section>\n
      \u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u800c\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6559\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u975e\u5de7\u5408\u5730\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u5e93\u73c0\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8fa9\u89e3\u79f0\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6b27\u7f8e\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u65b0\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6587\u732e\u63a2\u8ba8\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5730\u533a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e09\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u56f0\u5883<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
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<\/p>\n

\n
      <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u5f81\u8ba8\u548c\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u4e49\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45-\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5171\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7406\u60f3\u201d\u662f\u4ece\u5bf9\u5916\u5f3a\u5236\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd1\u6765\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
     \u5854\u5229\u7684\u300a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u300b\uff08Strange Multiplicity\uff09\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7834\u574f\u800c\u975e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5728\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u7684\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5854\u5229\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7acb\u5baa\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u201d\uff08mediated peace\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5854\u5229\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u7ef4\u5185\u5229\uff08Povinelli\uff09\u5219\u8d28\u7591\u201c\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5bf9\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f3a\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6ce2\u7ef4\u5185\u5229\u8bbe\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u673a\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e0e\u5854\u5229\uff08Tully\uff09\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5f81\u670d\u3002<\/span>
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     \u827e\u7ef4\u68ee\u7684\u300a\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08Postcolonial Liberalism \uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u633d\u6551\u548c\u6539\u9769\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u4e5f\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u975e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u60f3\u8c61\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u6743\u5229\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6784\u60f3\uff09\u3001\u660e\u786e\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff08postcolonial liberal order \uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ee5\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\uff08Alfred\uff09\u548c\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Pearson\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u9274\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u5171\u5b58\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56db\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c2001\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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      \u81ea2001\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5851\u9020\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u9898\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u597d\u6218\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5355\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u897f\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5360\u9886\u53e4\u5df4\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u6297\u8bae\u9053\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u613f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\u6210\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecd\u65e7\u5f3a\u8c03\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u62c5\u4e43\u81f3\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u50ac\u751f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u6d45\u8584\u6027\u548c\u504f\u9887\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span>
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      \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e93\u73c0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u4f7f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u4ed8\u51fa\u9547\u538b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u201d\u548c\u4f9d\u9760\u5f53\u5730\u7cbe\u82f1\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u80ae\u810f\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u56de\u907f\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa40\u548c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdf\u6765\u7684\u4f7f\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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      \u5e1d\u56fd\uff08\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5316\u4f7f\u547d\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u7ee7\u8005\u5728\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u6301\u7eed\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u5c06\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u5931\u8d25\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5f0a\u7aef\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff08\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u7531\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5916\u9003\u3001\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u66b4\u653f\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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      \u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5929\u804c\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u201c\u60b2\u60e8\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u793a\u610f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4f0a\u683c\u7eb3\u5b63\u8036\u592b\uff08Ignatieff\uff09\u4e3a\u300a\u6709\u540d\u65e0\u5b9e\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\uff08empire lite\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u63d0\u8981\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a8\u548c\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u6218\u4ea4\u706b\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u65e0\u89c6\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5236\u9020\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u540c\u8c0b\uff0c\u7528\u54c8\u5229\u8fea\uff08Khalidi\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u64ad\u79cd\u5371\u673a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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      \u5e1d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u6559\u8bad\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7f8e\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u5173\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u4e0e\u5176\u66f4\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u57281850\u5e74\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u5510\u00b7\u5e15\u897f\u83f2\u79d1\uff08Don Pacifico\uff09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e15\u9ed8\u65af\u987f\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Palmerston\uff09\u634d\u536b\u4e86\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u5bfb\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u6240\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u8f7b\u7387\u7684\u548c\u6311\u8845\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u523b\u753b\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e5f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u7403\u519b\u4e8b\u90e8\u7f72\u786e\u4fdd\u201c\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span>
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      \u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5341\u5206\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u524d\u6b27\u6d32\u9738\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df2\u88ab\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u6240\u5e2d\u5377\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u6b64\u5916\u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e5f\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u6ce2\u8fa9\u8bba\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5e9f\u9664\u7684\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e94\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u6587\u732e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u96f6\u661f\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5931\u5e8f\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff08Rawls\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\uff08The Law of Peoples\uff09\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u4e0e\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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      \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u8fd1\u6765\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u6587\u732e\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\uff08\u62e5\u6709\uff09\u5171\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u201c\u8054\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff08associative relations\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span>
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      \u5854\u5229\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u524d\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6700\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u201d\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u201c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5168\u7403\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u4e3b\u6743\u4f46\u53c8\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u9738\u6743\u5927\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5854\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u5e76\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u548c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5747\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u6e90\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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      \u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd1\u6765\u6b63\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0e\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u652f\u914d\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u6297\u8861\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c86\u7023\u4e00\u6c14\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u6b63\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u9a6c\u5c14\u8482\u00b7\u79d1\u65af\u80af\u6d85\u7c73\uff08Marty Koskenniemi\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u201c\u65e2\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201d\u662f\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6cbb\u7406\u65e2\u6709\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u574f\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u65e2\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\u6c11\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u4f46\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u65af\u80af\u6d85\u7c73\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u52a9\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u81ea1870\u5e74\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 
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     \u4e00\u7fa4\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Third World Approaches to International Law\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u63a5\u624b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5728\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\u4e8e1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u73b0\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5b89\u5409\uff08Anghie\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ece15\u4e16\u7eaa\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e0e\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5265\u524a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5b89\u5409\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u662f\u4ece\u6b96\u6c11\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u4e34\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u70b9\u6709\u529b\u5730\u65a5\u8d23\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u968f\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u88ab\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u7531\u5927\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u673a\u6784\u548c\u60ef\u4f8b\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e72\u9884\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u6b63\u5982\u5965\u798f\u5fb7\uff08Orford\uff09\u6566\u4fc3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5927\u8003\u8651\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u6218\u3001\u66b4\u653f\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u8d64\u8d2b\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u8fc7\u5269\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5371\u673a\uff09\u627f\u62c5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span>
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      \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6587\u732e\u540c\u6837\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u201c\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u795e\u8bdd\u201d\uff0c\u53731648\u5e74\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u9738\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6b21\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u5316\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u2018\u4e92\u52a8’\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u201d\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8be2\u95ee\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5c1a\u672a\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u7531\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u201d\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u7403\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5374\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u4e03\u3001\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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      \u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\uff08Charles Maier\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u300b\uff08Among Empires \uff09\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8be5\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3a\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fc8\u5c14\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u9738\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u754c\u9650\u5206\u660e\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u65af\u6258\u52d2\uff08Stoler\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7528\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u5265\u593a\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5178\u578b\u751a\u81f3\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5e1d\u56fd\u521b\u9020\u5e76\u57f9\u690d\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5b83\u4f1a\u201c\u5c06\u5f53\u5730\u7cbe\u82f1\u7eb3\u5165\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u548c\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff09\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8131\u79bb\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 
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      \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u629b\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5148\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5219\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a7a\u6cdb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u6d89\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5411\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u65bd\u52a0\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0f\u770b\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6bc1\u706d\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u5c61\u5c61\u9020\u6210\u7834\u574f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
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      2001\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5173\u6ce8\u4e43\u81f3\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u5e1d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5173\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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