{"id":16101,"date":"2020-01-22T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T02:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/01\/23\/f01dbd5cc3\/"},"modified":"2020-01-23T10:27:12","modified_gmt":"2020-01-23T02:27:12","slug":"f01dbd5cc3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2020\/01\/22\/f01dbd5cc3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: 677px;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 558px;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);text-indent: 0em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;width: 677px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;overflow-wrap: break-word;visibility: visible;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-1579746429.gif\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: 0%;transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3-1579746429.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/10-1579746429.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/9-1579746429.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin: 40px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1-1579746430.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;padding: 4px 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background: rgb(191, 191, 191);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 5px -5px -5px 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"padding: 1.5em 1em 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u738b\u680b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\uff08UCLA\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ea6\u514b\u5b66\u9662\uff08York College of Pennsylvania\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236(tenure-track) \u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3002\u73b0\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u5916\u4eba\u6587\u4ea4\u6d41\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u57fa\u5730\uff09\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u517c\u4efb\u6b27\u7f8e\u540c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u8bba\u575b\u6307\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u56fd\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u56fd\u9645\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u73af\u7403\u65f6\u62a5-\u5361\u7279\u4e2d\u5fc3&#8221;\u4e2d\u7f8e\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u8005\u8bba\u575b&#8221;\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u76d8\u53e4\u667a\u5e93\u5b66\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u548cNortheast Asia History\u7b49\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u672f\u520a\u7269\u7f16\u8f91\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fForeign Policy Analysis, Journal of Peace Research\uff0cInternational Affairs\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u9876\u5c16\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u533f\u540d\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u51b7\u6218\u53f2\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u5c16\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520aDiplomatic History \u5355\u72ec\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u66fe\u5165\u9009\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u9752\u5e74\u9886\u8896\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u9996\u5c4a\u9ad8\u6821&#8221;\u5353\u8d8a\u9752\u5e74\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6&#8221;\u8ba1\u5212(\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">Friso M. S. Stevens\uff0c\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3001\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u65bd\u6995\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff09\u3001\u9648\u52c7\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u3010\u5ba1\u6821\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u65bd\u6995\u3001\u9648\u52c7<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\">\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u674e\u4f73\u9716<\/span><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">Dong Wang &amp; Friso M. S. Stevens (2020)\uff1aWhy is there no Northeast Asian security architecture? \u2013 <em>Assessing the strategic impediments to a stable East Asia,<\/em> The Pacific Review, DOI: 10.1080\/09512748.2019.1702087<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;padding: 4px 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u671f\u520a\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3-1579746430.jpg\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background: rgb(191, 191, 191);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 5px -5px -5px 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(191, 191, 191);border-radius: 6px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"padding: 1.5em 1em 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">The Pacific Review<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u6253\u7834\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u754c\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5546\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u30022018\u5e74\u8be5\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a1.865\uff0c\u5728\u533a\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u7c7bSSCI\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d9\/47\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7bSSCI\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c22\/91\u3002<\/span><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/1-1579746430.jpeg\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u738b\u680b<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/8-1579746431.jpeg\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"color: black;font-size: 15px;\">Friso M. S. Stevens<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 2em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-top: 0.5em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-style: solid none none;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(166, 166, 166);font-family: inherit;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: -1.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.4;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"padding: 8px 23px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(183, 184, 184);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: inherit;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(175, 39, 39);\">\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9e3f\u6c9f\u201d\uff08organization gap\uff09\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u3001\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fa8\u522b\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u963b\u788d\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e89\u7aef\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u6df1\u523b\u6028\u6068\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6028\u6068\u662f\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u654c\u5bf9\u6240\u5f62\u5851\u7684; \u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u5173\u5e76\u7528\u4ee5\u7a81\u51fa\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6218\u7565\u4e92\u7591\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\uff1b\u671d\u9c9c\u5bf9\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4e0e\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u65b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5185\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u9635\u8425\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6000\u7279\u548c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u534f\u8c03\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u5bdf\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u793e\u4f1a-\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u201c\u53bb\u5b89\u5168\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: normal;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 26px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4e00<\/strong><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u3001<\/strong><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4e89\u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u548c\u5df4\u5948\u7279\u5219\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u4f53\u7cfb\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\u91cd\u62fe\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b7\u6218\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u5404\u56fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\u3001\u4e92\u7591\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6297\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u300221\u4e16\u7eaa10\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027(Lee &amp; Pempel, 2012;Seliger &amp; Pascha, 2011)\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5965\u5229\u00b7\u7ef4\u592b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u53bb\u5b89\u5168\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u5207\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u540c\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5728\u7f8e\u82cf\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u5b9e\u6d3e\u201d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\u5206\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5236\u8861\u6216\u904f\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8f74\u8f90\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5185\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u4e2d\u7f8e\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u201d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5341\u5206\u52c9\u5f3a\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d75\u6c40\u9633\u548c\u5eb7\u707f\u96c4\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5f20\u56de\u5f52\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u5929\u4e0b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u90bb\u56fd\u521b\u9020\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u533a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u960e\u5b66\u901a\u548c\u6f06\u6d77\u971e\u547c\u5401\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u671d. \u9c9c\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u672c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u4e5f\u5377\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40(Booth &amp; Wheeler, 2008\uff0cpp.295-296\u9875; Lee, 2017)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f6d\u4f69\u5c14\uff08Pempel\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5355\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u72b6\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u6000\u7279\u548c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u592a\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u534f\u8c03\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u6000\u7279\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u534f\u8c03\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u5730\u533a\u5b89\u5168\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\u76f4\u52302000\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u76f4\u7ad9\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ee5\u4e1c\u76df\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\u9646\u514b\u6587\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u592a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u65f6\u4efb\u65e5\u672c\u9996\u76f8\u5c0f\u6cc9\u7eaf\u4e00\u90ce(Koizumi)\u548c\u9e20\u5c71\u7531\u7eaa\u592b(Hatoyama)\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u548c\u793e\u4f1a-\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u5730\u533a\u5b89\u5168\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6b63\u5982\u5e03\u8d5e\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684, \u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u6743\u529b\u5747\u8861\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5d1b\u8d77\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e0e\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5747\u8861\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);margin-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section opera-tn-ra-cell=\"_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:15.col1:0.col1\" style=\"padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: center;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6548\u4eff\u4e1c\u76df<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);margin-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9996\u8981\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4e92\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u4ecd\u6df1\u9677\u4e8e\u8d6b\u5179\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\uff08kill or perish\uff09\u201d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u800c\u8a00\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6548\u4eff\u6807\u6746\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u4e1c\u76df\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\uff1b\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u6765\u52bf\u529b\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u519b\u4e8b\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u653f\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u201d(Deutsch, et al., 1957, p. 5)\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u529b\u5f31\u5c0f\u4e14\u56fd\u5185\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u5728\u4e0d\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u51b7\u6218\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u538b\u529b(Storey, 2011\uff0cp.25)\uff0c\u4e1c\u76df\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u662f\u5728\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u6709\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5173\u5207\u662f\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u56fd\u65cf\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3(Ba, 2009\uff0cchap. 1)\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e1c\u76df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u673a\u5236\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8106\u5f31\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u521b\u59cb\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e1c\u76df\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6709\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u76df\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff1b\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u3001\u534f\u5546\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684(Acharya, 2009, p.55; see also Bellamy, 2004)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ef4\u6301\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3e\u884c\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u7d27\u8feb\u95ee\u9898\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u800c\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5916\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u963b\u788d\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6784\u5efa\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6216\u201c\u4ea4\u6613\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4fdd\u6301\u5404\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u5982\u4eca\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u2014\u2014\u7ef4\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53bb\u5b89\u5168\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5229\u7528\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u591a\u4f0a\u5947\u5f0f\u7684\u4e1c\u76df\u5b89\u5168\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5171\u540c\u533a\u57df\u79e9\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8fa8\u522b\u5bf9\u5730\u533a\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u6784\u6210\u6700\u5927\u963b\u788d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u671d. \u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u5fc3\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u65e5\u4e09\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u534a\u5c9b\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u9010\u6b65\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\u662f\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u88ab\u53cd\u590d\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u5374\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\u4e4b\u540e\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u59a8\u788d\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);margin-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section opera-tn-ra-cell=\"_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:15.col1:2.col1:0.col1\" style=\"padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: center;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4e09\u3001\u4e2d\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9632\u536b\u6001\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);margin-top: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u56fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u6d77\u5185\u82cf\u5ca9\u7901\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5f53\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u56fd\u81ea1992\u5e74\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u671d\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u4eca\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u8ba1\u5212\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u5728\u201c\u7766\u90bb\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u4e0e\u97e9\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316(Chung, 2007, pp.69-70)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u56f4\u7ed5\u82cf\u5ca9\u7901\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u4e89\u7aef\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7f13\u548c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u9065\u9065\u65e0\u671f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u963b\u788d\u90bb\u56fd\u95f4\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u9ec4\u6d77\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u97e9\u56fd\u58f0\u79f0\u8be5\u6697\u7901\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5176\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u9a6c\u7f57\u5c9b\uff0c\u4e13\u5c5e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ebf\u6765\u5212\u5b9a (Jung, 2008)\u3002\u4e2d\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5c9b\u7901\u7684\u6c34\u4e0b\u5730\u5f62\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u9886\u571f\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u53cc\u8fb9\u8c08\u5224\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51fa\u8def (Zhao, 2012)\u3002\u4e2d\u97e9\u5728\u4e13\u5c5e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0e\u591a\u8fb9\u519b\u4e8b\u534f\u5b9a\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e89\u7aef\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u76f4\u63a5\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u5ca9\u7901\u4e89\u7aef\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u6682\u505c\u7684\u7f8e\u97e9\u8054\u5408\u519b\u6f14\u201c\u4e59\u652f\u81ea\u7531\u536b\u58eb\u201d\uff08Ulchi Freedom Guardian\uff09\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u9ec4\u6d77\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9ec4\u6d77\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u519b\u6f14\u7684\u654f\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u5207\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u6218\u7565\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u9996\u9009\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5230\u4e861895\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u671d\u9c9c\u5e76\u541e\u5e76\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u97e9\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5ba3\u793a\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u53f0\u6e7e\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f74\u8f90\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u951a\u70b9\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u9632\u52a1\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e89\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u79f0\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u76df\u627f\u8bfa\u80cc\u540e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5e38\u89c4\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5728\u5730\u533a\u5185\u626e\u6f14\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9996\u8981\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u4ecb\u5165\u97e9\u56fd\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u671d\u9c9c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u57282016\u5e747\u6708\u97e9\u56fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u90e8\u7f72\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u8428\u5fb7\u201d(THAAD)\u5bfc\u5f39\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u654c\u610f\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5730\u7f18\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6760\u6746\u548c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5982\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u96f6\u552e\u4e1a(Paik, 2019)\u52a0\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u97e9\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u7136\u800c,\u5148\u8fdb\u7684X\u6ce2\u6bb5\u96f7\u8fbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u89e6\u89d2\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9632\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u90e8\u7f72\u8428\u5fb7\u505a\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c5\u5fe7\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9632\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u671d\u9c9c\u5bfc\u5f39\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u52a0\u5267\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u5185\u9601\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5bfc\u5f39\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5175\u529b\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e03\u8230\u961f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u5c04\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u53ca\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u800c\u6709\u635f\u5176\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u571f\u4e0d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b(Goldstein, 2000, pp.28-29)\u3002\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u5c24\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u635f\u4e2d\u56fd\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6838\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5a01\u6151\u80fd\u529b(Zhao, 2016, pp. 4-5)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u57df\u5916\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u519b\u4e8b\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u5728\u5bf9\u534e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e5f\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u9635\u8425\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u76df\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 26px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u56db\u3001\u97e9\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u654c\u610f\u548c\u4e09\u65b9\u540c\u76df\u7684\u7f3a\u5931<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6784\u6210\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u97e9\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf8\u5982\u671d\u9c9c\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u540c\u76df\u7684\u524d\u63d0(Doyle, 1983; Owen,1994)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 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Shrine)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u7591\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6765\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u81ea1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\u4f7f\u5176\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u8fbe\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u548c\u89e3\uff08Wiegand, 2015,p. 356 ff\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u897f\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u97e9\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u7a7a\u95f4(Fearon, 1994)\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\uff08Kingston, 2017 , p. 111\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u62e5\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u3001\u4e0e\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u548c\u6709\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u65e5\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u704c\u8f93\u53cd\u65e5\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u9886\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u96be\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f9d\u8d56\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u5e76\u5851\u9020\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f62\u8c61(Buzan et al.\uff0c1998\uff0cpp. 36-37)\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5206\u6b67\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u548c\u88ab\u8c03\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u53cc\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u52aa\u529b\u5851\u9020\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6539\u53d8\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 26px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4e94\u3001\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u4e89\u7aef\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span><span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span>\u540c\u6837\u5728\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e89\u7aef\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u654c\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4e2d\u65e5\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e89\u7aef\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e1c\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u516b\u4e2a\u65e0\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5373\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u7409\u7403\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u8d21\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f314\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6e14\u6c11\u5c31\u5df2\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u822a\u4fe1\u6807\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a1895\u5e74\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u6218\u8d25\u540e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u8feb\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5272\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u300a\u5f00\u7f57\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6ce2\u8328\u5766\u516c\u544a\u300b\u548c\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u5e94\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e2d\u56fd(\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8, 2012\u5e74)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5728\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u4e89\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u72ec\u5c9b\/\u7af9\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u65e5\u672c\u58f0\u79f0\u5176\u5728\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u4e3a\u65e0\u4e3b\u5730\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u57281895\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u9601\u51b3\u8bae\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\uff09\u201d\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u51fb\u8d25\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u5173(JapaneseMinistry of Foreign Affairs, 2016b)\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u65f6\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u57281972\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u51b2\u7ef3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u5c06\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6388\u6743\u7684\u5bf9\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b(McCormack,2011)\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;\">\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e5\u97e9\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u5176\u5d1b\u8d77\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u4f34\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u4e0a\u6eaf\u81f31895\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u8f93\u7ed9\u4e86\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u52a3\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u5219\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u671d\u8d21\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63a0\u593a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u516c\u4f17\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u77e5\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u7ecf\u591a\u5e74\u8f9b\u52e4\u57f9\u80b2\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6240\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u7684\u5f00\u542f(Westad, 2013,pp. 414\u2013415)\u3002\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u91cd\u5efa\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u5bf9\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u89e3 (Wendt,1992, pp. 397\u2013398)\u3002\u5f53\u4e1c\u76df\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5229\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u672c\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u654c\u610f\u548c\u6000\u7591\u53cd\u800c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6574\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5f3a\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u793e\u4f1a\u7d27\u5bc6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u7740\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u6216\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c24\u5176\u6e34\u671b\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\uff09\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u89c2\u5ff5\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u5e38\u5e38\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5c06\u9488\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u654c\u5bf9\u53d9\u4e8b\u201d\u7eb3\u5165\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u519b\u4e8b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u767e\u5e74\u803b\u8fb1\u201d\u4e2d\u906d\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;\">\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u56fe\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u6218\u4e89\u4fb5\u7565\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8870\u9000\u540e\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5f39(Suzuki,2015)\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u540e\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5904\u65b9\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u201c\u5409\u7530\u8def\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Yoshida Consensus\uff09\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u65e5\u540c\u76df\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4f7f\u5176\u8d70\u5411\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b89\u500d\u664b\u4e09\u4e0a\u53f0\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u65bd\u884c\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u632f\u5174\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u3002\u5b89\u500d\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u82cf\u548c\u51fa\u53f0\u66f4\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u6346\u7ed1\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u201d\u7684\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6539\u9769(Berger,2014)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u5176\u8fc7\u5f80\u7f6a\u884c\u8868\u793a\u6094\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u590d\u82cf\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002<span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span><span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 26px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u516d\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f74\u5fc3\/\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u4e0e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883<\/strong><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9632\u536b\u6001\u52bf\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u654c\u5bf9\u5c40\u9762\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u53bb\u5b89\u5168\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d \uff08Pacific Community\uff09(Cha, 2009; Christensen,1999; Liff, 2018)\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7acb\u9635\u8425\u4e4b\u95f4\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u7591\u8651\u548c\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u4f7f\u5f97\u654c\u4eba\u610f\u8c61\u548c\u5bf9\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e2d\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u6216\u8005\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u90fd\u5c06\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371(Jervis, 1978, pp. 167\u2013168ff)\u3002\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u5883\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5bf9\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u9010\u6e10\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7591\u8651\u6e90\u4e8e\u671d. \u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u76df\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9632\u5fa1\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u8fdb\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8f74\u8f90\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u66f4\u662f\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7591\u8651\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u5411\/\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5951\u5408\u4e86\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5904\u65b9\uff0c\u5373\u5236\u8861\u548c\u904f\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u592a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u5c42\u9762\u548c\u6218\u7565\u5c42\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5b83\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u201c\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u6218\u7565\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u533a\u57df\u57fa\u5730\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u5bf9\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709\u201c\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u518d\u5e73\u8861\u6218\u7565\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u7279\u6717\u666e\u8bd5\u56fe\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6218\u7565\u540d\u79f0\u6765\uff09\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u4e0e\u524d\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u6301\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6218\u7565\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u201d\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u65f6\u671f\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5c06\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u4ea7\u5411\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u56de\u987e\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8d85\u8d8a\u201c\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\uff08kill or perish\uff09\u201d\u73b0\u72b6<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u519b\u529b\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e2d\u7f8e\u653b\u5b88\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6d77\u519b\u88c5\u5907\u5185\u5728\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u4e0a(Kaplan, 2010, p. 34)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u653b(Jervis, 1976, p. 64)\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u8258\u6d77\u519b\u8230\u8247\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e95\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u8fdb\u653b\u76ee\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd(Jervis, 1978, pp.186\u2013188)\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u8fdb\u653b\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7531\u5404\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7f6e\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u6709\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u529b\u7a76\u7adf\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u519b\u4e8b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u6295\u5165\u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u63d0\u5347\u6d77\u519b\u5b9e\u529b\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6295\u5c04\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9738\u6743(SIPRI, Military Expenditure Database)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u653b\u5b88\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u8d76\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5f7c\u6b64\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u533a\u57df\u5b89\u5168\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5fe7\u8651\u7684\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d(Kissinger, 2012, pp. 527\u2013530)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 28px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><span style=\"line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\u4e03\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\u671d\u6838\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u671d. \u6838\u95ee\u9898\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u963b\u788d\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u6218\u4e89\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4e92\u7591\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u9632\u536b\u6001\u52bf\u548c\u540c\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5927\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u671d. \u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u671d. \u9c9c\u5bf9\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u963b\u788d\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20(Chang &amp; Lee, 2018)\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u671d. \u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u5904\u4e8e\u6218\u5907\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u540c\u76df\u519b\u4e8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u4ecd\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u7acb\u9635\u8425\u7684\u539f\u6709\u89c2\u5ff5\u96be\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u671d. \u9c9c\u7684\u8fd1\u90bb\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u671d. \u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u662f\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u91cd\u5fc3(East Asia Foundation, 2016)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u671d. \u9c9c\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u8db3\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u671d. \u9c9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u89c2\u4ee5\u53ca\u671d. \u9c9c\u81ea\u8eab\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u7684\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6025\u9700\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5de9\u56fa\u653f\u6743\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u671d. \u9c9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ecd\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u5916\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8bfa(Bull, 1977, pp.16\u201317)\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u6743\u548c\u539f\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5373\u671d. \u9c9c\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8f6c\u5411\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u5bfc\u5411\u3001\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u671d. \u9c9c\u7684\u653f\u6743\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6d88\u5931\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u57281961\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d. \u671d\u53cb\u597d\u5408\u4f5c\u4e92\u52a9\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u627f\u8bfa\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6838\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f1e\uff0c\u7ed9\u671d. \u9c9c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u65e0\u529b\u5339\u654c\u7f8e\u97e9\u8054\u519b\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\u65f6\uff0c\u671d. \u9c9c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9664\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u6273\u5e73\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff08the equalizer\uff09\u201d\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9(Baylis, 2013, p. 221)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u671d. \u9c9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u6027\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5236\u88c1\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5316\u89e3\u671d. \u9c9c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5fe7\u8651(Farago, 2016; Huish, 2017)\u3002\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u671d. \u9c9c\u9886. \u5bfc\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u8c08\u5224\u684c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u9010\u6e10\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u6469\u64e6\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u6838\u5316\u201d\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u963b\u788d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u5236\u88c1\u538b\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f13\u548c\u63aa\u65bd(Wang, 2017)\uff0c\u4f46\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5bf9\u671d. \u9c9c\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u662f\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u672a\u5c65\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6838\u6269\u6563\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e0e\u671d. \u9c9c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u4f59\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u671d. \u9c9c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5938\u5927(Zha, 2017)\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u3001\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u671d. \u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u533a\u57df\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<p style=\"line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(163, 13, 13);font-weight: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 16px;font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(163, 13, 13);bottom: auto;display: block;float: none;height: 26px;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: justify;text-decoration: none;top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: both;background-image: none;background-size: auto;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"><strong style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\u516b\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"width: auto;vertical-align: top;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;flex: 0 1 auto;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 15px;height: 4px;border-radius: 10px;transform: matrix(0.707, -0.707, 0.707, 0.707, -1.5, 2);overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 0;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"width: 15px;height: 4px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;margin-top: 6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 10px;transform: rotate(135deg);word-wrap: break-word;background-image: linear-gradient(270deg, rgb(213, 182, 123) 0%, rgba(213, 182, 123, 0) 100%);\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"font-size: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; 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style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><em style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><em style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: 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alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;\"><img     style=\"vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/7-1579746432.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\" title=\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011\u738b\u680b\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\u2014\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u969c\u788d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c316\u671f\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb 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