{"id":15131,"date":"2019-12-24T13:46:40","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/31\/e00eb8c0b3\/"},"modified":"2019-12-31T14:17:32","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:17:32","slug":"e00eb8c0b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/24\/e00eb8c0b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8861\u3011\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c300\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8861\u3011\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba
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\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 David Singer(<\/span>1<\/span>925\u20142009<\/span>)\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e2d\u8bd1\u540d\u4e3a\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u662f\u4eab\u8a89\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u751f\u524d\u4e3a\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u4f11\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u81ea1964\u5e74\u5728\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u9879\u76ee\u201d\uff08<\/span><\/span>Correlates of War<\/span> project<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u65bd\u6995\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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J.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 David Singer<\/span><\/span>\uff0c“The Level-of Analysis Problem in International Relations,” World Politics<\/em>, Vol. 14, No.1, 1961, pp. 77-92.<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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World Politics<\/span><\/em>\uff08\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff09\u521b\u520a\u4e8e1948\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8457\u540d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5b63\u520a\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7531\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u533a\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\u662f\u5fb7\u535a\u62c9\u00b7\u4e9a\u6c99\u5c14\uff08Deborah J. Yashar<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u520a\u6b22\u8fce\u5177\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u6295\u7a3f\u30022018\u5e74\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a3.368\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u522b\u768491\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c7\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7c7b\u522b\u7684176\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c15\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u8003\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span>\u5c42\u6b21\u6216\u53d6\u5411<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span>\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span>\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9<\/span><\/span>\u4e9b<\/span><\/span>\u7528\u9014\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u8be5<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\u6240\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5b83\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b83<\/span><\/span>\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574<\/span><\/span>\u800c<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u5931\u771f\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>;\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53c2\u7167<\/span>\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u727a\u7272\u603b\u4f53\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08total representational accuracy<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>,<\/span>\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u5931\u771f\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5373\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span>\u5173\u6ce8\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u6548\u6027\u591a\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f7f\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5408\u7406\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u7b80\u6d01\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9996\u8981<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76ee\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u529f\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u540e\u8005\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6216\u8005\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c11\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u751a\u6216\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/span>\u672a\u5fc5<\/span><\/span>\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u4f18\u96c5\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u666e\u904d<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/span>\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5219<\/span><\/span>\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd<\/span><\/span>\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7259\u8fd8\u7259\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u519b\u4e8b\u653b\u51fb<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/span><\/span>\u5e94\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u884c\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u6781\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f46<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/span>\u5374\u8981\u96be\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u5341\u5206<\/span><\/span>\u7b80\u8981\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u5408\u683c\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/span>\u5c06<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/section>\n

\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span>\u4ece<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c42<\/span><\/span>\u6b21\u5f00\u59cb<\/span><\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u6700\u7efc\u5408\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5305\u542b\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ca\u5176\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e92\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u53ea\u6709\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c42\u6b21\u80fd\u8ba9<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u9762\u5730<\/span><\/span>\u5ba1\u89c6<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5<\/span><\/span>\u7136<\/span><\/span>\u5931\u53bb<\/span><\/span>\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span><\/span>\u7efc\u5408\u6027<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u540c\u65f6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1b\u4f18\u70b9\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5176<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7efc\u5408\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7f3a\u5931<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c31<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u96be\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u89c2\u5bdf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5938\u5927<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u8d2c\u4f4e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5265\u593a\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u4e3b<\/span><\/span>\u6027\u548c\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5e76\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u5177\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5047\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u4f53\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u51c6\u5219\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7559\u4e0b\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u907f\u5404\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5851\u9020\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u4f30\u6216\u8005\u5426\u8ba4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9648\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b83\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5145\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u523a\u6fc0\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u660e\u663e\u884c\u4e3a\u540e\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u660e\u663e\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027;\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de7\u5408\u6216\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u6709\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u94fe\u6761<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u65e0\u8bba\u6f14\u7ece\u903b\u8f91\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8c08\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u907f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u522b\u597d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\uff08\u6df1\u5165\uff09\u63a2\u7a76\u5230\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5916\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e0b\u65f6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u524d\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230<\/span><\/span>\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\u5e94\u8be5<\/span><\/span>\u6210\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u5f53\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u7279\u5f81\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span>\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e09\u3001<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u672c\u6587\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span>\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u6c11\u65cf<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u9996\u8981\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u897f\u65b9<\/span><\/span>\u5b66\u8005<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5b83<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5141\u8bb8<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u9f13\u52b1<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u88ab\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6982\u62ec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6392\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<\/span>,<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\u4f1a<\/span><\/span>\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/span>\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\uff1b\u4e5f\u8bb8\u9664\u4e86\u5384\u6069\u65af\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u54c8\u65af\uff08Earnest B. Haas<\/span><\/span>\uff09\u548c\u827e\u4f26<\/span>\u00b7\u60e0\u5ef7\uff08Allen S. Whiting<\/span><\/span>)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u5916<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7<\/span><\/span>\u4e25\u8083\u800c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u4e0b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u653e\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c<\/span><\/span>\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e0a\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u5316<\/span>(\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8)\uff0c<\/span>\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5373<\/span><\/strong>\u663e\u8457\u5938\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><\/span>\u590d\u6742<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd<\/span><\/span>\u6bd4\u8f83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/span><\/span>\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u503e\u5411\u65f6\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53ea\u80fd\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u662f<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd<\/span><\/span>\u671f\u5f85<\/span><\/span>\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6709<\/span><\/span>\u76ca\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u635f\u5931<\/span>;\u8003\u8651\u5230<\/span>\u9488<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/span><\/span>\u53bb<\/span><\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u635f\u5931<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u4e0d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f1a\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u8be6\u7ec6\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u56fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8212\u9002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u6574\u5957<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279<\/span><\/span>\u6027<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/span>(\u4f46\u4e0d\u603b\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span>)\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/span>\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u76f8\u5f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u96be\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9<\/span><\/span>\u4e9b\u5c65\u884c\u89d2\u8272\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span><\/span>\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00<\/span><\/span>\u7279\u6b8a<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/span>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a<\/span><\/span>\u6765<\/span><\/span>\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u8ffd\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>,<\/span>\u4f1a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7136\u800c<\/span>,<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u95ee\u6765\u4ece\u7565\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u76ee\u7684\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ffd\u5bfb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4e\u7ea7\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u8ff7\u604b\u800c\u52a0\u8bf8\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u667a\u8bc6\u5efa\u6784\uff08intellectual construct<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09\uff1f<\/span><\/span>\u65e2\u7136\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u8ffd\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f52\u7ed3<\/span><\/span>\u5230<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u4ed6\u6240\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a<\/span>:\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u793e<\/span><\/span>\u4f1a\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u9a71\u4f7f\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4f7f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7528<\/span>\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7b49<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u672f\u8bed<\/span>;\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b<\/span><\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8bbe\u60f3<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u51fa\u4e8e\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u6240<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u77e5\u751a\u5c11\u4f46\u5374\u88ab\u9a71\u4f7f\u7740\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6a21<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8ffd\u5bfb\u76ee\u6807\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ffd\u6c42\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u867d\u7136<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565<\/span><\/span>,<\/span>\u6216\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84<\/span><\/span>\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span>\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/span>\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>,\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20,<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec<\/span><\/span>\u5927\u591a\u6570<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5f3a<\/span><\/span>\u70c8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u91c7\u7528<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ecf<\/span><\/span>\u9a8c\u6027<\/span><\/span>\u751a\u81f3\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u6f14\u7ece\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u6790\u5374<\/span><\/span>\u660e\u663e\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u65e2\u662f\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u5f80\u56de\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u6765\u63a2\u7a76\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\uff08\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff08phenomenological<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6839\u636e\u90a3\u4e9b\u636e\u79f0\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8def\u5f84\u5e76<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6240<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f9d\u6258<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5047\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5374<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u56e0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b64<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u793e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f1a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201d\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u523a\u6fc0\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51c6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08quasi-deterministic fashion<\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/span>\u5219<\/span><\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span>\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u62e5\u62a4\u8005<\/span><\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u90a3\u662f\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u5b98\u6240<\/span><\/span>\u8bc6\u522b\u7684<\/span><\/span>;<\/span>\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u89c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u6765<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u504f\u7231\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u66f4\u53d7\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u603b\u4f53\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5c06\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u8c08\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u539f\u7531<\/span><\/span>\u201d\u5462?<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u636e\u79f0\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u94fe\u6761<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6f14\u7ece\u548c\u5047\u8bbe<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9636\u6bb5<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u8bc1\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u63a5\u6536<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53c8\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5047\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>:\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/strong>\u573a\uff08phenomenal field<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5417<\/span><\/span><\/strong>?\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4,\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1,\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6784\u6210<\/span>\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff1f<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/span>\uff08phenomenal<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>variable<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u662f\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1\u6536\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u6216\u8005<\/span>\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56de\u907f\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6027\u8d28<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u8fb9\u754c\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u72ec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7279<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5417<\/span>?\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001<\/span><\/strong>\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u96c6\u805a<\/span>?<\/span><\/strong>\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span>\u7ed9\u4e88<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u4f7f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5177\u4f53\u5316<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5<\/span><\/span>\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u9884\u671f<\/span><\/span>\u5230<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e2a<\/span><\/span>\u4eba<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5173\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/span>\u573a\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u56f4\u7ed5<\/span><\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u90fd\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u8d28\u7591<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6536\u96c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027<\/span>,\u6216\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u5c06<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u5916\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u4e2a\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4e00\u5047\u5b9a\u5219\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0<\/span><\/span>\u8ba8\u8bba\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u91c7\u7528<\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c<\/span><\/span>\u4e2a<\/span><\/span>\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span>\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u91cd\u8981<\/span><\/span>\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/span>\u548c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>(\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b)\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4<\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5b83<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u624d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f1a\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53d6\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/span>\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u66f4<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8d21\u732e\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u9648\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6bd4\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u66f4\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u56fe\u666f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u539f\u5b50\u5316<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fe\u666f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u5176\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u96c6\u4e2d<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u6240\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u3010\u8054\u76df\u6218\u7565\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e9a\u6d32\u6ca1\u6709\u5317\u7ea6\uff1f\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c291\u671f<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u4e2d\u82f1\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u8131\u6b27\u7acb\u573a\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u6c11\u610f\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c293\u671f<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c294\u671fmatch<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4ee3\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f\u9752\u5e74\u81a8\u80c0\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u66b4\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c295\u671f<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c09\u671f | International Relations of Asia-Pacific Vol.19,No.3<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c10\u671f | International Studies Review, Volume.21, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c11\u671f | Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c12\u671f | International Affairs, Vol.95, No.6\uff0c2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011J.  Da<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22,31],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15131"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15142,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15131\/revisions\/15142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}