{"id":14924,"date":"2019-09-10T13:39:38","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/31\/6f8c8d80bc\/"},"modified":"2019-12-31T14:11:55","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:55","slug":"6f8c8d80bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/09\/10\/6f8c8d80bc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Michael O\u2019Hanlon<\/span> <\/span>\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14<\/span>\u2022\u6b27\u6c49\u9f99\u662f\u5e03\u9c81\u91d1\u65af\u5b66\u4f1a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u6848\u4e3b\u4efb\u53ca\u8d44\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u517c\u804c\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e8e<\/span> 2011 \u5e74\u81f3<\/span> 2012 \u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u5916\u90e8\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u6096\u8bba\u300b<\/span>(\u201cThe Senkaku Paradox:  Risking Great Power War over Limited Stakes\u201d)\u7531\u5e03\u9c81\u91d1\u65af\u5b66\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5728<\/span>2019 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5305\u542b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u6218\u7565\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8d75\u709c\u5a77<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5f90\u67ab\u6f47<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u738b\u56fd\u6b23<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>O’Hanlon, Michael. “Can America Still Protect Its Allies: How to Make Deterrence Work.” <\/span>Foreign Aff.<\/em> 98 (2019): 193.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Foreign Affairs\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1922\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u6742\u5fd7\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6839\u636e2014\u5e74\u7684\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u6587\u62a5\u544a\uff08Web Of Science\uff09, \u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a2.009\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7c7b\u522b\u768485\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c6\u3002(Delivering the People\u2019s Message: The Changing Politics of the Presidential Mandate)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/strong>\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Can America Still Protect Its Allies? How to Make Deterrence Work<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Michael O\u2019Hanlon\uff08\u6b27\u6c49\u9f99\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5b89\u629a\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b89\u629a(reassurance)\u5c31\u610f\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u5f88\u96be\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u5b58\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e38\u7406\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u4e0d\u5e94\u81ea\u6043\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f1a\u6551\u5176\u8131\u56f0\u800c\u9c81\u83bd\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4efb\u5185\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u4e24\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6218\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u300a<\/span>2017\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\u300b\u548c\u300a<\/span>2018\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u536b\u6218\u7565\u300b\u5747\u63d0\u53ca<\/span>\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u6743\u7ade\u4e89\u8005<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u536b\u6218\u7565\u300b\u79f0\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4e24\u56fd\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5851\u9020\u5a01\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u81ea\u4e0a\u53f0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7ea6<\/span>100\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u52aa\u529b\u5f3a\u5316\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6216\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5a01\u6151\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5a01\u6151\u4f1a\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u3001\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5931\u6548\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4fc4\u90fd\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5168\u9762\u7a81\u88ad\u6216\u5bf9\u6297\u7f8e\u56fd\u6761\u7ea6\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u5404\u9879\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6807\u5c1a\u4e0d\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u56fd\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4ee5\u6311\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7eb7\u4e89\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u501f\u53e3\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fc4\u8bed\u4eba\u58eb\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u58eb\u5175\u8fdb\u5165\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u3002\u666e\u4eac\u58f0\u79f0\u6709\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5904\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u4e50\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u501f\u53e3\u62a4\u4fa8\u8695\u98df\u5317\u7ea6\u9886\u571f\u5e76\u4f7f\u5317\u7ea6\u6210\u5458\u9677\u5165\u4e24\u96be\u3002\u300a\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff08<\/span>North Atlantic Treaty\uff09\u7b2c\u4e94\u6761\u6b3e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5317\u7ea6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728\u9047\u88ad\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8be5\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u519b\u4e8b\u53cd\u51fb\uff1f\u666e\u4eac\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5317\u7ea6\u7684<\/span>29\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u7eb7\u4e89\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5317\u7ea6\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e00\u573a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u800c\u7206\u53d1\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e94\u6761\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u5317\u7ea6\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7591\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\u5c7f\u3002\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u58f0\u79f0\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u672a\u660e\u786e\u4e3b\u5f20\u8c01\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u4f46<\/span>\u201c\u627f\u8ba4<\/span>\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u76ee\u524d\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u5b9a\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u9632\u536b\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u53ef\u80fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u5360\u9886\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4ee5\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u8bb8\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u8feb\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5236\u9020\u9694\u9602\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fdb\u72af\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u9677\u5165\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u6096\u8bba<\/span>\u201d(the Senkaku Paradox)\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u662f\u5426\u8981\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u5192\u7740\u5927\u56fd\u95f4\u6838\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6765\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5979\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1f<\/span>\u201d\u6216\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u98ce\u9669\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u673a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u654c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53cd\u5e94\u5c06\u663e\u5f97\u6781\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f5c\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u201d\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u9632\u536b\u6218\u7565<\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span>a strategy of asymmetric defense\uff09\u8df3\u8131\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u6b63\u5f0f\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u6709\u9650\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u81f4\u547d\uff09\u4fb5\u7565\u4f5c\u51fa\u5168\u9762\u519b\u4e8b\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u80af\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u9a7b\u65e5\u7f8e\u519b\u6d77\u4e0a\u81ea\u536b\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u2022\u5a01\u65af\u52d2\u4e2d\u5c06\uff08<\/span>John Wisler\uff09\u5728<\/span>2014\u5e74\u575a\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u6218\u7565\u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f3a\u6743\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u51c6\u5907\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6218\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5236\u88c1\u624b\u6bb5\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u5fa1\u5708\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u523a\u6fc0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6216\u4fc4\u56fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002\u5f53\u5371\u673a\u6076\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u548c\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u53d6\u95f4\u63a5\u519b\u4e8b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u9632\u6b62\u5c06\u5927\u56fd\u5377\u5165\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u7f13\u51b2\u65f6\u95f4\u907f\u514d\u60c5\u52bf\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6218\u624d\u662f\u8be5\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6f5c\u5728\u5bf9\u624b\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u82e5\u52a8\u7528\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5df2\u91c7\u53d6\u9884\u5907\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u62a5\u590d\u65f6\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u5bf9\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5236\u88c1\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u76df\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5f31\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u8be5\u5236\u5b9a\u6218\u7565\u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f31\u70b9<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u952e\u77ff\u4ea7\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u50a8\u5907\uff08\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5728\u5173\u952e\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u548c\u8d27\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5236\u88c1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5c06\u662f\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u6b65\u6216\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5927\u8d4c\u6ce8\u3002\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4fb5\u7565\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u6076\u610f\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\u8087\u4e8b\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u51fa\u53e3\u7ba1\u5236\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u5236\u88c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e34\u65f6\u60e9\u7f5a\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7f8e\u56fd\u91cd\u8981\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u914d\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u534e\u76db\u987f\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u660e\u667a\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u4e0d\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5371\u673a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u8054\u76df\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u5931\u53bb\u5173\u952e\u4f19\u4f34\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u9a6c\u65af<\/span>\u2022\u6000\u7279\uff08Thomas Wright\uff09\u5728<\/span>2017\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63aa\u65bd\u300b\uff08<\/span>All Measures Short of War\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u654c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u76ca\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\u3001\u524a\u5f31\u548c\u4fb5\u8680\uff0c\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u548c\u4e1c\u6b27\u6b63\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u529b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f31\u5316\u592a\u591a\u3002\u8270\u96be\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u62e5\u6838\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6218\u4e89\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u5907\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u6cbb\u56fd\u65b9\u7565\u3001\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u8054\u76df\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7a33\u56fa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u7b80  \u8bc4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ef6\u4f38\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u52fe\u52d2\u6240\u8c13\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u9632\u536b\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4f24\u654c\u4e00\u5343\u81ea\u635f\u516b\u767e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u53ef\u80fd\u6fc0\u8d77\u88ab\u5236\u88c1\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6076\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5236\u88c1\u5927\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5938\u5927\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ffd\u89c6\u76df\u53cb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u672a\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u8bba\u8ff0\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u548c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5a01\u6151\u7ed3\u5408\u4e8e\u5b9e\u52a1\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5404\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u654c\u5bf9\u56fd\u3001\u4e8e\u5404\u4e0d\u540c\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u4e0e\u5ef6\u4f38\u5a01\u6151\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6<\/span>\u81f4\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u6743\u89c2\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3011\u514b\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6848\u4f8b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u963f\u7c73\u5854\u00b7\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\uff1a\u91cd\u5851\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u6000\u7591\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u627f\u8bfa | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u672a\u6765 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u781d\u7801\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u81ea\u62ac\u8eab\u4ef7\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u540c\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u96be\u9898\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u3011\u975e\u6d32\u519c\u6751\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5269\u7537\u4e0e\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u7684\u90bb\u65cf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7406\u8bba \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u88c1\u519b\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6b66\u5668\u88c1\u519b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u4e0e\u9632\u6b62\u6027\u66b4\u529b\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e58\u79ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u6539\u8fdb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5de5\u5177 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u683c\u5c40\u3011\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u6cfd\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5df4\u4ee5\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u800c\u201c\u6218\u201d\uff1a\u4ee5\u52a0\u6c99\u8239\u961f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u7ade\u4e89 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u4e89\u7aef\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u5316\uff1a\u8bba\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u58eb\u5175\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u52df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010fsQCA\u5206\u6790\u3011\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u5e9c\u4f55\u65f6\u8fc7\u6e21\u6c11\u4e3b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u590d\u5408\u4f53 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u672a\u6765 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u4ee5\u5b89\u00b7\u5170\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4f8b\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65e5\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u53cd\u601d\u8eab\u4efd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u65e5\u97e9\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u7cfb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Michae<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,28],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14924"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14924"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14929,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14924\/revisions\/14929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}