{"id":14909,"date":"2019-09-03T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/31\/14e55babc9\/"},"modified":"2019-12-31T14:11:44","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:44","slug":"14e55babc9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/09\/03\/14e55babc9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n


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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Tanja A. B\u00f6rzel<\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u5854\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u535a\u6cfd\u5c14\uff09\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u6258<\/span>–<\/span>\u82cf\u5c14\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u53ca\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u897f\u6b27\u548c\u5357\u6b27\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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          Thomas Risse<\/span>\uff08\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u585e\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u6258-\u82cf\u5c14\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u9648\u52c7<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u674e\u7389\u5a77<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u624e\u897f\u65fa\u59c6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>TanjaA. B\u00f6rzel & Thomas Risse (2018) From the Euro to the Schengen Crises:European integration theories, politicization, and identity politics, Journalof European Public Policy<\/em>, 25:1, 83-108, DOI: 10.1080\/13501763.2017.1310281<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u671f\u520a\u300b<\/span>(Journalof European Public Policy)<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u6db5\u76d6\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span>2018<\/span>\u5e74\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>3.457<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fromthe Euro to the Schengen Crises: European<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

integration theories, politicization, and identity politics<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n

Tanja A. B\u00f6rzel<\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u5854\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u535a\u6cfd\u5c14\uff09\uff08\u5de6\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Risse<\/span>\uff08\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u585e\uff09\uff08\u53f3\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u6b27\u76df\u8bbe\u7acb\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784(<\/span>supranational delegation<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a(<\/span>Schengen crisis<\/span>)<\/span>\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u6d3e:\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49(<\/span>Liberal intergovernmentalism<\/span>)<\/span>\u3001\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49(<\/span>neofunctionalism<\/span>)<\/span>\u548c\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49(<\/span>postfunctionalism<\/span>)<\/span>\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6b63\u6587\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u6d3e\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u9610\u8ff0\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span>
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\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6b27\u76df\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u663e\u8457\u6027<\/span>(issue salience)<\/span>\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u6b27\u76df\u6574\u4f53\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u76df\u673a\u5236\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6781\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1b\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u76f8\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u5185\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u6743\u88ab\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u6b27\u76df\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u88ab\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u963b\u788d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u5f00\u653e\u5e02\u573a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u8ba9\u6e21\u89c6\u4e3a\u8de8\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e00\u62b5\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u5c06\uff08\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\uff09\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u8ba9\u6e21\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6ea2\u51fa\u201d<\/span>(political spillover)<\/span>\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5fe0\u8bda\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u5316\u201d<\/span>(Europeanized)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u515a\u6d3e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u5728\u5927\u9009\u548c\u516c\u51b3\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6000\u7591\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u5bfb\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u6b27\u76df\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5728\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u653f\u6cbb\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u5316\u88c2\u9699\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>(order)<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u67d0\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u8c01\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6216\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u504f\u597d\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u5916\u751f\u548c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u54c8\u65af\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u540e\u671f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u54c8\u65af\u5bf9\u8ba4\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6b27\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u5355\u5411\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9650\u5236\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u6d41\u6d3e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u4f20\u7edf\u5de6\u53f3\u5212\u5206\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u201d<\/span>(green\/alternative\/libertarian,GAL)<\/span>\u548c\u201c\u65e7\u653f\u6cbb\u201d<\/span>(traditional\/authoritarian\/nationalist,TAN)<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u91ce\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u201c\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d<\/span>(exclusive nationalists)<\/span>\u3002\u201c\u65e7\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u653f\u515a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u201d<\/span>(Constraining Dissensus)<\/span>[1]<\/span>\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b27\u76df\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u7cbe\u82f1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89c4\u907f\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d<\/span>(de-politicization)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/span>\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5f02\u8bae\u201d\u6307\u5927\u4f17\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u515a\u6d3e\u7ade\u4e89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u52a0\u5f3a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
2
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u5728\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

2.1 <\/span><\/strong>\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u6d32\u8d22\u653f\u534f\u5b9a<\/span>(European Fiscal Compact)<\/span>\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08<\/span>the European Stability Mechanism<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u94f6\u884c\u8054\u76df<\/span>\uff08<\/span>the Banking Union<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u6388\u4e88\u6b27\u76df\u518d\u5206\u914d\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b27\u5143\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u7ef4\u6301\u5171\u540c\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u4e3a\u5c06\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u538b\u529b\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u503a\u6743\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5371\u673a\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8d22\u653f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7d27\u7f29\u6027\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u6539\u9769\u76f8\u5173\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8ba9\u503a\u52a1\u56fd\u7531\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6743\u5a01\u8d4b\u4e88\u975e\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7684\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u592e\u884c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u56de\u907f\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u95ee\u8d23\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51b3\u5b9a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4eab\u53d7\u5171\u540c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u800c\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u5411\u6b27\u76df\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u8bae\u9898\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5219\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6027\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c4\u907f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u6548\u7684\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6743\u5a01\u5411\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 <\/span><\/strong>\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u5c55\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u96be\u6c11\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\u3002\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u65e2\u672a\u5c65\u884c\u8d44\u91d1\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u8fb9\u754c\u7ba1\u7406\u7f72<\/span>(FRONTEX)<\/span>\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5e87\u62a4\u652f\u6301\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/span>(European Asylum Support Office)<\/span>\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8fd0\u8f6c\u4e0d\u7545\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u76d1\u7ba1\u6743\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u622a\u81f3<\/span>2017<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u90fd\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u6b27\u76df\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span>  <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u6d88\u6781\u4f9d\u8d56<\/span>(negative interdependence)<\/span>\u800c\u9020\u6210\u798f\u5229\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5171\u540c\u504f\u597d\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b27\u5143\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6df1\u9677\u5371\u5c40\u7684\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4e25\u91cd\u8d2c\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u745e\u5178\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u56fd\u7684\u798f\u5229\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b89\u7f6e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u62c5\u5fe7\u201c\u53bb\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u201d<\/span>(Non-integration)<\/span>\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6d89\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6027\u51b2\u7a81<\/span>(distributional conflict)<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u79cd\u96be\u6c11\u5b89\u7f6e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9762\u4e34\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u540c\u6837\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u6ea2\u51fa\u201d\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u201d<\/span>(supranational entrepreneurship)<\/span>\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7ed3\u5c40\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u201d<\/span>(con<\/span>straining dissensus<\/span>)<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u7531\u53f3\u7ffc\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5171\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b27\u76df\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5f02\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\n
4
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<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6b27\u76df\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eab\u4efd\u52a8\u5458<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span>   <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u62a5\u7eb8\u5a92\u4f53\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u4e8b\u52a1\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u503e\u5411\u81ea<\/span>1990<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7a33\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u8206\u8bba\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2005<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u5e76\u672a\u9020\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5f39\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5ea6\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b27\u76df\u516c\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u6b27\u76df\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5bf9\u6b27\u76df\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6301\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u201c\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e7\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5f02\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5c55\u73b0\u201c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d<\/span>(solidarity among strangers)<\/span>\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u8de8\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u65f6\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u654c\u610f\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u540e\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d<\/span>(the postfunctionalist era)<\/span>\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u65ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u201d<\/span>(permissive consensus)<\/span>[1]<\/span>\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u89e3\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u7591\u6b27\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u52a8\u5458\u6000\u6709\u6392\u5916\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u65b9\u9762\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u5e76\u672a\u521b\u9020\u67d0\u79cd\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u5f7b\u5e95\u8f6c\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5e76\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6b27\u6d32\u6c11\u4f17\u539f\u5148\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6001\u5ea6\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u6295\u7968\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6781\u5c11\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u81ea\u6211\uff0f\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5206\u522b\u6765\u5212\u5206\u503a\u6743\u56fd\u548c\u503a\u52a1\u56fd\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u600e\u6837\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0d\u60dc\u4ee3\u4ef7\u634d\u536b\u6b27\u5143\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u5c06\u6b27\u76df\u8eab\u4efd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u907f\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span> 2014<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u5927\u9009\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6b27\u76df\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u9884\u793a\u7740\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5f02\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u52a8\u5458\u4e8b\u5148\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u66f4\u52a0\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5316\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u754c\u201d<\/span>(border)<\/span>\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u81ea\u6211\uff0f\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5708\u5185\uff0f\u5708\u5916\u201d<\/span>(ingroup\/outgroup)<\/span>\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u7684\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u548c\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5219\u652f\u6301\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b27\u6d32\u201d<\/strong><\/span>(nationalist Europe)<\/span><\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5821\u5792\u6b27\u6d32\u201d<\/span><\/strong>(Fortress Europe)<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u7cb9\u653f\u515a\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6392\u5916\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u63aa\u65bd\u672a\u80fd\u594f\u6548\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\u5728\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u6d88\u8017\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d<\/span>(counter-discourse)<\/span>\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u501f\u52a9\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u51b3\u5371\u673a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25<\/span>\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/span>\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\u6307\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
5
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

 \u7ed3 \u8bba   <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e24\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u5c40\u63d0\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d85\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5236\u7684\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u52aa\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u7591\u6b27\u653f\u515a\u4e5f\u6210\u529f\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86\u6392\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e24\u573a\u5371\u673a\u4e5f\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d<\/span>(order)<\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7591\u6b27\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u653f\u515a\u5c06\u8ba4\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u6846\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u201c\u8fb9\u754c\u201d<\/span>(border)<\/span>\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u6846\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u5ba3\u4f20\u6392\u5916\u7684\u201c\u5821\u5792\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6b27\u76df\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d8\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6392\u5916\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u66f4\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u6846\u5b9a\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u517b\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u3001\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u8131\u6b27\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5f0f\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u6743\u89c2\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3011\u514b\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6848\u4f8b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u963f\u7c73\u5854\u00b7\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\uff1a\u91cd\u5851\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u6000\u7591\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u627f\u8bfa | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u672a\u6765 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u781d\u7801\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u81ea\u62ac\u8eab\u4ef7\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u540c\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u96be\u9898\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u8bef\u8bc6\uff1a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u3011\u975e\u6d32\u519c\u6751\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5269\u7537\u4e0e\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u7684\u90bb\u65cf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7406\u8bba \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u88c1\u519b\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6b66\u5668\u88c1\u519b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u4e0e\u9632\u6b62\u6027\u66b4\u529b\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e58\u79ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u6539\u8fdb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5de5\u5177 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u683c\u5c40\u3011\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u6cfd\uff1a<\/span>\u4e3a\u4f55\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/span>| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/span>\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5df4\u4ee5\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u800c\u201c\u6218\u201d\uff1a<\/span>\u4ee5\u52a0\u6c99\u8239\u961f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u7ade\u4e89 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a<\/span>\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u4e89\u7aef\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a<\/span>\u8054\u76df\u5f62\u6210\u8fd8\u662f\u5747\u52bf\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a<\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u5316\uff1a<\/span>\u8bba\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u58eb\u5175\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u52df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010fsQCA\u5206\u6790\u3011\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u5e9c\u4f55\u65f6\u8fc7\u6e21\u6c11\u4e3b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Tanja <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,28],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14909"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14915,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14909\/revisions\/14915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}