{"id":14861,"date":"2019-07-24T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/31\/b6c96a0627\/"},"modified":"2019-12-31T14:11:06","modified_gmt":"2019-12-31T06:11:06","slug":"b6c96a0627","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/07\/24\/b6c96a0627\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Dariush Zahedi<\/span>\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6731\u6587\u83e1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u9ec4\u8fd0\u6d9b<\/span> <\/span>\u5f6d\u5c0f\u6735<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4e01\u4f1f\u822a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>The Iranian Revolution Then and Now: Indicators of Regime Instability<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Westview,<\/span> <\/span>2001:152-194.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Comparing the Nature and Leadership Qualities of Pre-Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary Authoritarian Regimes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n

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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u662f<\/span>2001\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4f0a\u6717\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\uff1a\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u795e\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9996\u5148\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5148\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u5236\u5ea6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u6743\u6297\u8861\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u9762\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5f0f\u5fae\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u8bc9\u6c42\u5236\u5ea6\u5c06\u4f1a\u5411\u4f55\u5904\u53bb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u529b\u91cf\u76ee\u524d\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u3001\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u7f3a\u70b9\u5e76\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u8feb\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8270\u5de8\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06<\/span>\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u89c2\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u6743\u529b\u6760\u6746\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/span> \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6216\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5ba1\u67e5\u53cd\u5bf9\u6c99\u963f\uff08<\/span>Shah\u5373\u6ce2\u65af\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7279\u6307\u8428\u6cd5\u7ef4\u56fd\u738b\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u9769\u547d\u52a8\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u632b\u8d25\u3001\u4f18\u67d4\u5be1\u65ad\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e13\u5236<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u9769\u547d\u524d\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684<\/span>,\u800c\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6c99\u963f\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4f7f<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u201c<\/span>\u5c31\u6240\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6743\uff1a\u541b\u4e3b\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>1953\u5e74\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\uff08<\/span>CIA\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u60c5\u516d\u5904\uff08<\/span>MI-6\uff09\u652f\u6301\u7684\u653f\u53d8\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba9\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u5bc6\u53cb\u548c\u4eb2\u4fe1\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b98\u5458\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u4ece\u6c99\u963f\uff0c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e87\u62a4\u548c\u6743\u529b\u3002\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u7ad9\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u201c<\/span>\u6c99\u963f\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u7687\u5ba4\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u3001<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u60c5\u516d\u5904\uff09\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u6784\u804c\u80fd\u91cd\u5408\u4e14\u987b\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u6c99\u963f\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f5c\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u65e2\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5f81\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8ba8\u8bba\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u4f7f\u6210\u7acb\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u679a\u6a61\u76ae\u56fe\u7ae0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6e29\u548c\u503e\u5411\u5e76\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u4f0a\u6717\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005\uff0c<\/span>1958\u5e74\u6c99\u963f\u901a\u8fc7\u7687\u5bb6\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u5373<\/span>Melliyun<\/span>\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u515a\uff09\u548c<\/span>Mardom<\/span>\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff09\uff0c\u5747\u7531\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5bc6\u53cb\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u626c\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u6c99\u963f\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1963<\/span>\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u515a\u5236\uff0c<\/span>Melliyun<\/span>\u88ab\u6539\u9020\u6210\u65b0\u4f0a\u6717\u515a<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6e29\u987a\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08<\/span>Majles<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5185\u9601\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u6765\u6f6e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65f6\u4efb\u4f0a\u6717\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u963f\u8428\u7d22\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Assadollah Alam\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5145\u8033\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u540c\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u76f8\u548c\u5185\u9601\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u6c99\u963f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6295\u5165\u6216\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0e\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u987e\u95ee\u534f\u5546<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5176\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u4efb\u547d\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u7528\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u90e8\u957f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5411\u56fd\u738b<\/span>[<\/span>\u965b\u4e0b<\/span>]<\/span>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4efd<\/span>[<\/span>\u901a\u5e38\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u542c\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6069\u60e0<\/span>]<\/span>\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u9996\u76f8\u534f\u5546\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u5e03<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c99\u963f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5173\u4e4e\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u5b89\u5371\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u540c\u6837\u4eb2\u529b\u4eb2\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u5728<\/span>70\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cb9\u4ef7\u9ad8\u4f01\u65f6\u5411\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9664\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5916\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5c16\u7aef\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u79ef\u6781\u6539\u5584\u540c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5230<\/span>1978\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u62e5\u6709\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u88c5\u5907\u6700\u597d\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u822a\u7a7a\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f53\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u6307\u6325\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u5e76\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u519b\u961f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u9009\u62e9\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6548\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5206\u522b\u5411\u6c99\u963f\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u9664\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u573a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5916\u5f7c\u6b64\u89c1\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u519b\u961f\u662f\u8be5\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f88\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u59d4\u6258\u4ed6\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8<\/span>SAVAK\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5185\u9547\u538b\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u548c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u60c5\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6469\u8428\u5fb7\uff08<\/span>Mossad\uff09\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1957<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u636e\u4f30\u5728\u6c99\u963f\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u6709<\/span>3<\/span>\u4e07\u591a\u540d\u5168\u804c\u96c7\u5458\u3002\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7ea2\u7682\u767d\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\u548c\u6b8b\u66b4\u662f<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u902e\u6355\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4f0a\u6717\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u95e8<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u5728\u6c99\u963f\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u5938\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8425\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684\u5149\u73af\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
2
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u795e\u6743\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u624b\u4e2d\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u653f\u6743\u5206\u6563\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/span>\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u795e\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7edf\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdc\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88c5\u70b9\u95e8\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6743\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bdb\u62c9\u4eec\uff08\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff09\u5bf9\u4f53\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8ff7\u604b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u6db5<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u653f\u6743\u6e17\u900f\u7740\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u52a0\u5267\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u653f\u6743\u58f0\u79f0\u5176\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u795e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\uff08<\/span>faqih\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span>\uff09\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u673a\u6784\u73b0\u4efb\u9886\u8896\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\uff08<\/span>Ayatollah Khamenei<\/span>\uff09\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u7ed9\u4e88\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u540c\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540c\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u9996\u8111\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u3001\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u6839\u636e<\/span>1989<\/span>\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u7763\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u8fd8\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u4e00\u804c\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5c06\u7531\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u7531<\/span>83<\/span>\u540d\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6709\u6743\u7f62\u514d\u4ed6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b97\u6559\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u90fd\u4e0d\u5229\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5728<\/span>1989\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708\u5373\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7cbe\u901a\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u795e\u5723\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6700\u719f\u6089\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6743\u5a01<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5927\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53c2\u52a0\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u7531<\/span>12\u540d\u6210\u5458\uff08\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u5404<\/span>6<\/span>\u4eba\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7acb\u6cd5\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6709\u6743\u7b5b\u9009\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u9009\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5baa\u6cd5\u76d1\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d<\/span>6<\/span>\u540d\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u7531\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u8fd8\u62c5\u4efb\u7531<\/span>11\u540d\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u8bae\u957f\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u961f\u548c\u9769\u547d\u536b\u961f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u5b9e\u6743\u7684\u6267\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u8fd8\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5e02\u957f\u3001\u7701\u957f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7701\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u63a8\u8350\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee\uff08\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u7948\u7977\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23<\/span>\u201c\u6307\u5bfc<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u4eec\u534f\u8c03\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u5404\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7948\u7977\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7948\u7977\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u6536\u96c6\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u662f\u795e\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f00\u653e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u73b0\u653f\u6743\u548c\u9769\u547d\u524d\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u81ea<\/span>1980\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fdc\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c99\u963f\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a61\u76ae\u56fe\u7ae0\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u8db3\u4ee5\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u8d28\u7591\u6216\u5a01\u80c1\u65e2\u5b9a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u6743\u5236\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7ad9\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u624d\u6709\u6743\u63a8\u7ffb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u53cc\u91cd\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5904\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u9662\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5141\u8bb8\u5411\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u98a0\u8986\u6216\u6311\u6218\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u90fd\u5c06\u7531\u9769\u547d\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ba1\u5224\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u795e\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6c99\u963f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c<\/span>\u4f0a\u6717\u6267\u653f\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9547\u538b\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/span>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6c99\u963f\u5bf9\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u53d1\u751f\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff1a\u5934\u5dfe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u738b\u51a0\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u6cbb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fc7\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u6c99\u963f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6bd4\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u66f4\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u652f\u67f1<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u7687\u6b66\u88c5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u6c99\u963f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5851\u9020\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u8f6f\u5f31\u548c\u80c6\u602f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u503e\u5411\u4e14\u4f18\u67d4\u5be1\u65ad\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5371\u673a\u5230\u6765\u65f6\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span>\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u5728\u9006\u5883\u6216\u6311\u6218\u9762\u524d\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u5730\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5176\u653f\u6743\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u575a\u51b3\u56de\u5e94\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9769\u547d\u8054\u76df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u4f0a\u6717\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u5916\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u514b\u670d\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u5076\u5c14\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6c99\u963f\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a<\/span>\u201c\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u7ed9\u6cd5\u57fa\u8d6b\u7ea7\u522b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u88ab\u8150\u8680\u548c\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u9547\u538b\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u96f6\u548c\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u5185\u6218\u548c\u653f\u6743\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/strong><\/span>\u9006\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6c99\u963f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u6027\u683c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u900f\u9732<\/span>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u8d5a\u53d6\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u94b1\u6765\u653e\u7eb5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u5b81\u613f\u627e\u4e00\u4efd\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u514d\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1941\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u76df\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u56fd\u738b\u52a0\u5165\u738b\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6cae\u4e27\u548c\u9000\u7f29\u7684\u503e\u5411\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u6446\u8131\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5080\u5121\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>50<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9996\u76f8\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6469\u8428\u53f0<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Mohammad Mossadegh\uff09\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u9eef\u7136\u5931\u8272\u3002\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/span>1952<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u63a8\u7ffb\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u4e3a\u6297\u8bae\u6c99\u963f\u62d2\u7edd\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u6218\u4e89\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u6124\u800c\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u9996\u76f8\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u8f9e\u804c\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u6c11\u4f17\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6062\u590d\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e94\u5929\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u4e0d\u613f\u6279\u51c6\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u9000\u7f29<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u6062\u590d\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u804c\u52a1\u5e76\u6388\u6743\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6218\u4e89\u90e8\u3002<\/span>1953<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>8<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u548c\u519b\u60c5\u516d\u5904\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u63a8\u7ffb\u6469\u8428\u53f0\u7684\u653f\u53d8\u5c1a\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u4fbf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5148\u524d\u5f80\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9003\u5f80\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7126\u8651\u3001\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u548c\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u5410\u9732<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\u6d41\u8840\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u717d\u52a8\u7684<\/span>1963\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708\u9a9a\u4e71\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u762b\u75ea\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u65f6\u6c99\u963f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u4f0a\u6717\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u6301\u6709\u8005\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u96be\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u65e0\u60c5\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c99\u963f\u800c\u8a00\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5bc6\u53cb\u963f\u8428\u7d22\u62c9<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u7f9e\u803b\u611f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u679c\u65ad\u91c7\u53d6\u6b66\u529b\u9547\u538b\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728<\/span>1978-1979<\/span>\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u5927\u7ea6\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u5c31\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u5df4\u5217\u7ef4\u738b\u671d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u59c6\u5728<\/span>1977<\/span>\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u56e0\u764c\u75c7\u800c\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6c99\u963f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5766\u7387\u8fdb\u8c0f\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u5f15\u4fe1\u88ab\u6c99\u963f\u4e8e<\/span>1977\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u70b9\u71c3\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u987a\u5229\u7ee7\u4f4d\u800c\u53d6\u60a6\u65b0\u5c31\u4efb\u7684\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5361\u7279\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u5316\uff01\u6211\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u653e\u677e\u87ba\u4e1d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u518d\u6b21\u6536\u7d27\u5b83\u4eec<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u5374\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u5458\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u6c99\u4f0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4eec\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u652f\u6301\u6d41\u4ea1\u5728\u5916\u7684\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\uff09\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u80c6\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e8e<\/span>1978\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u72b9\u8c6b\u52a0\u4e4b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8fc5\u901f\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u65b0\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5bbd\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u606f\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u6115\u7684\u662f <\/span>1978<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>10<\/span>\u6708<\/span>17<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u548c\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u5c06\u519b\u5ba3\u5e03\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u3002\u62a5\u7eb8\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u65b0\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u63ed\u9732\u6709\u5173<\/span>SAVAK<\/span>\u9177\u5211\u5ba4\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u75db\u5fc3\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\u6212\u4e25\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u5374\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u519b\u961f\u5411\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f00\u67aa\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u6c99\u963f\u663e\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u9547\u538b\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u7edf\u672c\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u52a8\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u9547\u538b\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u8005\u53cb\u597d\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u6bdb\u62c9\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u514b\u670d\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\uff1a<\/strong>\u81ea\u6211\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u795e\u804c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u6c99\u963f\u624b\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u762b\u75ea\u548c\u5d29\u6e83\u5728\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f0a\u6717\u73b0\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c99\u963f\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u6743\u6743\u529b\u6760\u6746\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\uff09\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u5206\u679c\u65ad\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u795e\u6743\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u638c\u6743\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u9635\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u653f\u6743\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6495\u88c2\u653f\u6743\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u6784\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u59a5\u534f\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5360\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u5206\u6b67\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5236\u5ea6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f0a\u6717\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u6d3e\u4e92\u6597\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u5371\u673a\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6bd4\u6c99\u963f\u66f4\u52a0\u64c5\u957f\u9547\u538b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u5386\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u5a5a\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u795e\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u660e\u663e\u4fdd\u5b88\u6216\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6743\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u63a8\u5230\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u6df1\u53d7\u4e0b\u5c5e\u95f4\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4ed6\u6beb\u4e0d\u8fdf\u7591\u5730\u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u8981<\/span>\u201c\u6467\u6bc1\u4efb\u4f55<\/span>[<\/span>\u5371\u53ca<\/span>]<\/span>\u96c6\u4f53\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u8bba\u8c01\u5bfb\u6c42\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5815\u843d\u3002\u6492\u65e6\u77e5\u9053\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u904f\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5a92\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9648\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f0a\u6717\u9664\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e4b\u5916\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u754c\u9650<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u8bbe\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff08\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u5206\u6b67\u53d8\u5f97\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u758f\u8fdc\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u4ed6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3e\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u7ffb\u6c99\u963f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5192\u7740\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5fcd\u53d7\u7740\u9177\u5211\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u7262\u72f1\u4e4b\u707e\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u53d6\u4ee3\u6c99\u963f\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u653e\u5f03\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4f0a\u6717\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8840\u8165\u7684\u9547\u538b\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53cd\u653f\u6743\u52bf\u529b\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u91cd\u521b\u3002\u5728\u6709\u6548\u5e73\u606f\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span>1989\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u77a5\u89c1\u653f\u6743\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5305\u62ec\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86<\/span>1979<\/span>\u5e74\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u4eba\u8d28\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684<\/span>Hojatoleslam Khoiniha<\/span>\u548c\u5728\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u5357\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u771f\u4e3b\u515a\u7684<\/span>Hojatoleslam Mohtashami<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u79bb\u5f00\u5168\u56fd\u9886\u5148\u7684\u795e\u804c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u6218\u6597\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>JRM<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e<\/span>JRM<\/span>\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u795e\u804c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6218\u6597\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>MRM<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728<\/span>1989\u5e74<\/span>2 <\/span>\u6708\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u7684\u5927\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\u8499\u5854\u6cfd\u91cc\uff08<\/span>Hossein Ali Montazeri<\/span>\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5199\u7ed9\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4ed6\u76f4\u6307\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u9769\u547d\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u558a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u758f\u8fdc\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\uff0c<\/span>\u8499\u5854\u6cfd\u91cc<\/span>\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u8499\u7279\u6cfd\u91cc\u4e8e<\/span>2003\u5e74\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c<\/span>2009<\/span>\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0b\u964d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u6b63\u5728\u6269\u5927\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8499\u5854\u6cfd\u91cc\u7684\u79bb\u5f00\u4f7f\u8be5\u653f\u6743\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u4e8e<\/span>1989\u5e74<\/span>6<\/span>\u6708\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u7f13\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u4e89\u53d6\u5171\u540c\u9635\u7ebf\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u5de7\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u9635\u7ebf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5236\u5ea6\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4e13\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u79c1\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7<\/span><\/span>\u06f0<\/span>\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5728\u81f4\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u7684\u8d3a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee<\/span>[<\/span>\u970d\u6885\u5c3c<\/span>]<\/span>\u4e00\u76f4\u79f0\u4f60\u4e3a\u5408\u683c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f60\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6700\u5408\u683c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u7cfb\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u62c9\u592b\u6851\u8d3e\u5c3c\uff08<\/span>Rafsanjani<\/span>\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d28\u7591\u65b0\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u8fa9\u62a4\u79f0\uff0c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u963f\u4e9a\u56fe\u62c9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8001\u7684\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span>\u2026\u2026<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u90fd\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u9075\u5b88\u65b0\u4efb\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u9274\u4e8e\u8be5\u56fd\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u6267\u653f\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u8fc7\u6e21\u6743\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6bdb\u62c9\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6597\u4e89\u548c\u4e89\u5435\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u7684\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u88c2\u4ecd\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u9650\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5bc6\u8c0b\u963b\u6b62\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u5728<\/span>1992\u5e74\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u76d1\u62a4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u9650\u5236\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6e10\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ece\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u6269\u5927\u5206\u88c2\u5230\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u4f7f\u5236\u5ea6\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728<\/span>1997\u5e74\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u591a\u6210\u4e3a\u4f0a\u6717\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u8bc9\u8bf8\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u538c\u6076\u66b4\u529b\u5e76\u62c5\u5fc3\u66b4\u529b\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5236\u5ea6\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1998\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u6d89\u5acc\u91d1\u878d\u8150\u8d25\u7f6a\u4e3a\u7531\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u5e02\u957f\u5361\u5df4\u65af\u57fa\uff08<\/span>Gholam Hossein <\/span>Karbaschi\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7531\u62c9\u592b\u6851\u8d3e\u5c3c\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u548c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u6307\u8d23\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u8feb\u5bb3\u5361\u5df4\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u4e3a\u963b\u6b62\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u603b\u7edf\u6539\u9769\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u5206\u6b67\u5f88\u5feb\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u8857\u5934\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u7684\u80dc\u9009\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709<\/span>4000<\/span>\u540d\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u8981\u6c42\u91ca\u653e<\/span>\u5361\u5df4\u65af\u57fa<\/span>\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u54c8\u5854\u7c73\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u538b\u5236\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u50ac\u6cea\u74e6\u65af\uff0c\u4e8b\u6001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6253\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u7740\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5374\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u6c11\u4f17\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdd\u80cc\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u8fdc\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u5df4\u65af\u57fa\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u4e00\u540d\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e3a\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e94\u5e74\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3001\u516d\u5341\u97ad\u5b50\u548c\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u6548\u4eff\u970d\u6885\u5c3c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u88ab\u758f\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u5f39\u52be\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u4e5f\u5728\u7aed\u529b\u534f\u8c03\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4ee5\u4fc3\u6210\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u8868\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u548c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\uff0c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\u9635\u8425\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u88ab\u4f0a\u6717\u5145\u6ee1\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u3001\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u9009\u6c11\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u5730\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u4e3b\u5bb0\u65b0\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7531<\/span>18\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503e\u5411\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\u3002\u524d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u8c03\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u613f\u610f\u4f7f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u53bb\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5c06\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u88ab\u56fd\u5185\u4e0d\u8010\u70e6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u63a7\u5236<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u6539\u9769\u8005\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u4f53\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u54c8\u6885\u5185\u4f0a\u548c\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7f13\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u89c2\u671b\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5728\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u660e\u5929\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5ffd\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7b26\u5408\u6c11\u4f17\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u80dc\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9769\u8fd8\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Darius<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23,28],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14861"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14868,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14861\/revisions\/14868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}