{"id":14370,"date":"2019-12-14T13:31:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/d975b31a2f\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:22:24","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:22:24","slug":"d975b31a2f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/14\/d975b31a2f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c294\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u53d6<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Ro<\/span>ger Normand<\/span>\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\uff1bCh<\/span>ris af Jochnick<\/span>\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010<\/span><\/strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u6731\u6587\u83e1<\/span>\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e9a\u975e\u5b66\u9662\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u674e\u96ef\u73f2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e01\u4f1f\u822a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u3010<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Normand, R.; Jochnick, C. (1994). The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical Analysis of the Gulf Wa<\/span>r<\/span>. <\/span>Harvard International Law Journal<\/span><\/em>, 35<\/em>(2), 387-416<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u54c8\u4f5b\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u6742\u5fd7\uff08<\/span>Harvard International Law Journal<\/span><\/em>\uff09\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7f16\u8f91\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5341\u5927\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u671f\u520a\u4e4b\u4e00\u30022017\u5e74\u671f\u520a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a1.38<\/span>\u3002<\/span>
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The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical Analysis of the Gulf War<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u66b4\u529b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8def\u5f84\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6218\u65f6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bf4\u8f9e\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/span>le<\/span>gal rhetoric<\/span>\uff09\u6765\u4e3a\u5176\u88ad\u51fb\u6467\u6bc1\u6c11\u7528\u8bbe\u65bd\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e94\u5141\u4e86\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6218\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed5\u8fc7\u654c\u519b\u53bb\u88ad\u51fb\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4f0a\u4f5c\u6218\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u5e08\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u6218\u4e89\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5927\u5316\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c4f\u969c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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1.1 <\/span><\/strong>\u80cc\u666f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

1990<\/span>\u5e748<\/span>\u67082<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u603b\u7edf\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u5165\u4fb5\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e2a\u7701\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u5bfc\u81f4\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u8c34\u8d23\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4e8e1991<\/span>\u5e741<\/span>\u670815<\/span>\u65e5\u524d\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u64a4\u519b\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5747\u544a\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u4e8e1<\/span>\u670816<\/span>\u65e5\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u53d1\u52a8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u88ad\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u88ad39<\/span>\u65e5\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u201c100<\/span>\u5c0f\u65f6\u201d\u5730\u9762\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u4e3b\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 <\/span>\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u4f5c\u6218\u662f\u53f2\u4e0a\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u6700\u4e3a\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5c16\u7aef\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u901f\u6218\u901f\u51b3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u7136\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u6c11\u7528\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1b\u51fa\u52a8<\/span>11<\/span>\u4e07\u67b6\u6b21\u7a7a\u88ad\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5236\u7a7a\u6743\uff1b\u6295\u4e0b9<\/span>\u4e07\u4f59\u5428\u519b\u706b\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u6765\u70ae\u706b\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u6218\u573a\uff1b\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u519b\u961f2.5<\/span>\u52305<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6218\u4ea1\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u5728\u201c\u6e29\u548c\u706b\u529b\u201d\u4e0b\u6218\u6b7b240<\/span>\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3 <\/span>\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bf4\u8f9e<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u8bf4\u8f9e\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8001\u5e03\u4ec0\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6279\u51c6\uff08<\/span>congressional approval<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6388\u6743\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u961f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u53cd\u590d\u5f15\u7528\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u4f0a\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4eff\u4f5b\u51fa\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u65e0\u8f9c\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u5c31\u88ab\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u8d66\u514d\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bc6\u96c6\u8f70\u70b8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u76f4\u63a5\u5e73\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u548c\u7531\u7535\u89c6\u5b9e\u51b5\u8f6c\u64ad\u7684\u6fc0\u5149\u5236\u5bfc\u6b66\u5668\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5f0f\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u6388\u6743\u7684\u524d\u671f\u5236\u88c1\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6253\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u5916\u8bf4\u8f9e\u4f01\u56fe\u5982\u540c\u4e3a\u6574\u573a\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u8fa9\u62a4\u90a3\u6837\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u80fd\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98<\/span>Norm<\/span>an Schwarzkopf<\/span>\u5c06\u519b\u66fe\u8a00\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u884c\u52a8\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u88ad\u51fb\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u98de\u673a\u85cf\u5728\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u642c\u8fdb\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u2026\u2026\u628a\u519b\u68b0\u653e\u5728\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u9876\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u88ad\u51fb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u524d\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f<\/span><\/span><\/span>Richa<\/span>rd Cheney<\/span>\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7f8e\u519b\u4f19\u540c\u6c99\u7279\u519b\u961f\u6d3b\u57cb\u4e0a\u5343\u540d\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a00\u8f9e\u95ea\u8eb2\u56de\u907f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u6d3b\u57cb\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u58eb\u5175\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u964d\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u663e\u7136\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u533a\u5206\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u65e8\u5728\u88ad\u51fb\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u6765\u4e3a\u6574\u573a\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.4 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u58f0\uff0c\u4f46\u72ec\u7acb\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u7eaa\u5b9e\u5374\u4e0e\u8fd9\u573a\u53f7\u79f0\u4ee5\u6700\u5c11\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u5229\u843d\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5f0f\u6218\u4e89\u76f8\u6096\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u5a92\u4f53\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ad\u51fb\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u4e0e\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u58f0\u79f0\u5176\u4ec5\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u201c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6700\u521d\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u56e2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u90fd\u88ab\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\uff0c\u201c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u56de\u4e86\u524d\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u751f\u6d3b\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u88ab\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\u7fa4\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u548c\u6c34\u6e90\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u8513\u5ef6\u6574\u4e2a\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u533b\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u300b\u767b\u8f7d\u7684\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e07\u516d\u5343\u540d\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u513f\u7ae5\u6837\u672c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\u6218\u540e\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6025\u6da8\u81f3\u6218\u524d\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd1\u4e94\u4e07\u540d\u4e94\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u5934\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u5168\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1\u81f3\u5c11\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u98df\u54c1\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\u98de\u6da81500%<\/span>\u52302000%<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 <\/span>\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6467\u6bc1<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4f2a\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u88ab\u5404\u56fd\u6388\u6743\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\uff08c<\/span><\/span>ollateral civilian casualties<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u65e8\u5728\u51fb\u9000\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u519b\u961f\u800c\u4ec5\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7535\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u91c7\u53d6\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u9664\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f50\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u641c\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u6807\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u7a7a\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4<\/span>Buster Glosson<\/span>\u5c06\u519b\u89e3\u91ca\u79f0\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5e0c\u671b\u6218\u540e\u5728\u5168\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u53f7\u5934\u90e8\u4eba\u7269<\/span><\/span><\/span>John W<\/span>arden<\/span>\u4e0a\u6821\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u6467\u6bc1\u7535\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u5176\u7535\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u2018\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u540c\u610f\u505a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u4f60\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u61c2\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u5e2e\u4f60\u4eec\u6062\u590d\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u2019\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6027\u6218\u4e89\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e94\u89d2\u5927\u697c\u4f7f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u88ad\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4ece\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u64a4\u519b\u5e76\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u88ad\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u9762\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u6d17\u5730\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u519b\u961f\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001<\/strong>\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u56de\u5e94<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5f53\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5f39\u5e76\u88ab\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u53cc\u76ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u518d\u8d28\u7591\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u5e08\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u9ed8\u8bb8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u9053\u4e49\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u58f0\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7d20\u6765\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u8fde\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u89c2\u5bdf\u300b\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u6b21\u8f70\u70b8\u5e76\u4e14\u719f\u77e5\u8f70\u70b8\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7535\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u540e\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5e73\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u6709\u610f\u5730\u5728\u66f2\u89e3\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7b26\u5408\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e73\u6c11\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u7740\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e3a\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u8003\u91cf\u800c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4f01\u56fe\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u4f7f\u5df1\u65b9\u5e08\u51fa\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89c4\u907f\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u800c\u975e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\uff1a\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u5374\u4e3a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b8b\u6740\u5e73\u6c11\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u88ab\u9882\u626c\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u501f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6388\u6743\u4e4b\u540d\u6697\u5ea6\u9648\u4ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u82e5\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u6574\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u8861\u91cf\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6388\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4f7f\u654c\u519b\u524a\u5f31\u6216\u6295\u964d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u70b9\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/span>678<\/span>\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\u800c\u6380\u8d77\u70ed\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u6218\u5fc5\u987b\u9488\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u3002\u6b63\u5982<\/span>1868<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u6240\u660e\u786e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u654c\u65b9\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff08<\/span>Jus ad bellum<\/span>\uff09\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6839\u636e\u7b2c<\/span>51\u6b3e\u81ea\u536b\u6216\u7b2c<\/span>7<\/span>\u7ae0\u96c6\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u8282\u5236\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c06\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7b2c<\/span>678<\/span>\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u6388\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u6269\u5f20\u4e86\u7b2c<\/span>51<\/span>\u6b3e\u81ea\u536b\u884c\u52a8\u6240\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u201c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u4ee4\u7bad\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u67d0\u4f4d\u65f6\u4e8b\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708<\/span>15<\/span>\u65e5\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u91c7\u53d6\u5305\u62ec\u6218\u4e89\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5168\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u6b64\u9879\u51b3\u8bae\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u53f7\u79f0\u201c\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u3002\u591a\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u51fa\u4e8e\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u76ee\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u6c11\u7528\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6218\u65f6\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6218\u65f6\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56db\u3001<\/span>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u5efa\u8bae\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u53cd\u9a73\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u6765\u5265\u79bb\u4e8c\u8005\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u5e26\u6765\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u83b7\u76ca\u6765\u4fee\u6b63\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u671b\u800c\u5374\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u662f\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5f20\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4ed8\u4e4b\u4e1c\u6d41\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65e2\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea6\u975e\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u91c7\u53d6\u6218\u4e89\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u6539\u9769\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6218\u4e89\u8fd8\u662f\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u6765\u907f\u514d\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u4eba\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u627e\u51fa\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u63a2\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u795e\u79d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6539\u9769\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c06\u516c\u4f17\u610f\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4f7f\u73b0\u884c\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u6b65\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5b98\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u66b4\u884c\u8fdb\u800c\u6fc0\u53d1\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8981\u505a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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4.2 \u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\u672c\u6587\u9884\u8ba1\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047\u4e24\u79cd\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u672c\u6587\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6574\u4e2a\u5e9f\u5f03\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6743\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u8d4b\u6743\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u76ca\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u7684\u4fee\u4fee\u8865\u8865\u4e2d\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4ee3\u4ef7\u663e\u5f97\u82cd\u767d\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u5f88\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u4e89\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u660e\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\uff08<\/span>all-or-nothing<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6323\u624e\u3002\u5728\u6311\u6218\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6311\u6218\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u53c8\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u53f6\u6210\u57ce \u5510\u4e16\u5e73\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u535a\u5f08\u6a21\u578b\u3011\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda-\u80fd\u529b\u6743\u8861\u548c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u9009\u62e9\u6743 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c290\u671f<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5408\u6210\u63a7\u5236\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c292\u671f<\/span><\/a>
<\/section>\n
\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c09\u671f| International Relations of Asia-Pacific Vol.19,No.3<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c10\u671f | International Studies Review, Volume.21, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c11\u671f|Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c12\u671f | International Affairs, Vol.95, No.6\uff0c2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c294\u671f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u53d6 \u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Roger Nor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14370"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14370"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14381,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14370\/revisions\/14381"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}