{"id":14308,"date":"2019-11-28T14:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/5f2d92ff90\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:21:43","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:21:43","slug":"5f2d92ff90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/11\/28\/5f2d92ff90\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c286\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Elizabeth N. Saunders\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u4ea4\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u8be5\u6821\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u5458\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u603b\u7edf(<\/span>presidency)\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff08t<\/span>he politics of using force\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u3010<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Saunders, Elizabeth N. “The Domestic Politics of Nuclear Choices\u2014A Review Essay.” International Security<\/em> 44.2 (2019): 146-184.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u300b\uff08International Security<\/em>\uff09\u4e8e1976\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b63\u520a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u884c\u3002<\/span>\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f17\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08MIT Press\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6839<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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The Domestic Politics of Nuclear Choices\u2014A Review Essay<\/span>
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\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u5c55\u5f00<\/span>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u987e\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762<\/span>:\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3a\u6269\u5927<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u53c2\u4e0e\u6838\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u800c\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u4f55\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001<\/strong>\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fd\u5bb6\u6838\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\u3002<\/span>\u4ee5\u5f80\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u65af\u79d1\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u8428\u6839<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Scott Sagan<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u91c7\u7528<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/span>\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6df1\u53d7\u5b98\u50da\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u8bba<\/span>(social construction of technology)\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8428\u6839\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u3002<\/span>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u3001\u63d0\u62d4\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u4ee5\u53ca\u79ef\u6781\u6e38\u8bf4\u56fd\u9632\u5f00\u652f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6b66\u5668\u5f81\u7528\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u6269\u6563\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u719f\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5f62\u6210\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u6838\u6269\u6563\u7684<\/span>\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53<\/span><\/strong>\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong>\u63d0<\/span><\/strong>\u51fa\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>(top-down processes)\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u6770\u7ef4\u65af<\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Robert Jervis<\/span>)<\/span>\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6838\u9769\u547d(<\/span>nuclear revolution)\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u59ae\u5a1c<\/span>\u00b7\u5766\u5ae9\u74e6\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>(Nina Tannenwald)\u5173\u4e8e\u6838\u7981\u5fcc(<\/span><\/span>nuclear taboo<\/span>)\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u7684\u8349\u6839\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u6838\u7981\u5fcc\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8428\u6839\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u504f\u597d\u51fa\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5236\u7ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/span>\u6709<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5c55\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u770b\u5f85\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u89c6\u89d2<\/span>:<\/strong>\u4e00\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u6838\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u7684\u6269\u5c55<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u6743\u7c7b\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u4f7f<\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\u4ee5\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u4e43\u81f3\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u4e13\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1\u65b0\u7684\u6838\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6838\u7814\u7a76\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u6838\u6269\u6563\u524d\u540e\u7684\u6838\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/strong>\u7ebf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6838\u6269\u6563\u524d\u7684<\/span>\u7684\u6838\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u6838\u6f5c\u529b\uff08<\/span>nuclear latency\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u56fd\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u8fbe\u6210\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8861\u91cf<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u6311\u6218\u65f6\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u5c06\u5bf9\u6838\u5f39\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d77\u66fc\u65af<\/span>(<\/span>Hymans<\/span>)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u73b0\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6838\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u53c8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u6838\u5f39\u540e\u7684\u6838\u8f68\u8ff9<\/span>(nuclear trajectory)\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6790\u5730\u533a\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u6218\u7565<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u6838\u6218\u7565\u7684\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u53cd\u6269\u6563\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u515a\u6d3e\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u519b\u5907\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u91cf\u80fd\u591f<\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5c06\u6838\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff08<\/span><\/span>nuclear dependent variables\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9<\/span>\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e86<\/span>\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


      2.2\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b0\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c<\/span>\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86<\/span> \u201c\u4e13\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>autocracy<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>democracy<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u751f\u786c\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u5404\u653f\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>\u653f\u6743\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u519b\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\uff08<\/span><\/span>civil-military relations<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6781\u7aef\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u519b\u4e8b\u6548\u529b\u7684\u9632\u653f\u53d8\u884c\u52a8\uff08<\/span><\/span>coup-proofing<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86<\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u5b89\u5168\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5219\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u673a\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff08\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\uff09<\/span>\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u6765\u5f62\u5851<\/span>\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u7684<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u89e3\u91ca\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<\/span>\u9664\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5\u6838\u6269\u6563\u7b49\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8fa9\u8bba\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c<\/span>\u6700\u8fd1\u8bb8\u591a<\/span><\/strong>\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/strong>\u52a0\u4ee5<\/span><\/strong>\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4f1a\u5e72\u9884<\/span>(intervening)\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a<\/span>(<\/span><\/span>overriding<\/span>)<\/span>\u6216\u7ed5\u8fc7<\/span>(<\/span><\/span>circumventing<\/span>)<\/span>\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff08<\/span><\/span>centralized policymaking<\/span>\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u663e\u73b0\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u76f4<\/span><\/strong>\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u7740<\/span><\/strong>\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9<\/span>:\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5185\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u8303\u56f4<\/span>; <\/span>\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u5708\uff08<\/span>the domestic circle for nuclear choices\uff09\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u7279\u6027<\/span>(\u5982\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/span>) <\/span>\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9<\/span>\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u8f7b\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u52a8\u673a\u6027<\/span>\u63a8\u7406(<\/span>motivated reasoning)\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5a01\u80c1\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u732e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6743\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u5a01\u80c1<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u6269\u5927\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u5708\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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3.2\u6269\u5927\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u5708\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
   \u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u6838<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/span>(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u6216\u4e0b\u653e\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762<\/span>)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u5708<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>domestic circle<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6838\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u8be5\u51b3\u7b56\u65bd\u52a0\u6210\u672c\u6216\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u5708<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7531\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u53c2\u4e0e<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6216<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u65bd\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6838<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6743<\/span>(\u9664\u975e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u660e\u786e\u6388\u6743<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u754c\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u7531\u5927\u4f17\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6216<\/span>\u201c\u89c2\u4f17<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/strong>audience<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u7ea6\u675f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7531\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6697\u793a\u6240\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u6838<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5708\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6210\u672c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6216\u83b7\u5f97<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6536\u76ca\u5c06<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u8272\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u8c28\u614e\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u56fd\u5185\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u6210\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8003\u8651\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u65f6<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u6269\u6563\u7684\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u519b\u5907\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u56fd\u5185\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6216\u9009\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\u6216\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9762\u4e34\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005<\/span>(<\/span>\u5982\u519b\u65b9\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u6216\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784<\/span>)<\/span>\u6709\u6743\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u5c0f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5708<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u6216\u64cd\u63a7\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u9762\u5bf9\u6269\u5927\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u8303\u56f4\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/span>(\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span><\/span>\u4fdd\u6301\u5c0f\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5708\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/span>)\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5462<\/span>?<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u504f<\/span><\/span>\u597d<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e<\/span>;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u5708\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6838\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/span>\u6301\u7eed<\/span><\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span><\/span>stick<\/span>\uff09\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u7840\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u56fd\u9645\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u66f4\u53ef\u4fe1\u5730\u8868\u660e\u5bf9\u67d0\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6269\u5927\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u62ec\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5f20\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u9664\u975e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u6838<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span>\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6838\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56db\u3001\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>\u53cd\u6620<\/span><\/span>\u8fd1\u671f\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u8868<\/span>1\u6240\u793a<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u884c\u5c06\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185<\/span><\/span>\u5708\u5b50<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u56de\u62a5<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4f4e\u7684<\/span>(<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u800c\u6536\u76ca\u4f4e<\/span><\/span>)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9ad8\u7684<\/span>(<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6210\u672c<\/span><\/span>)\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u5de6\u4e0a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u96c6\u6743<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8005<\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/strong>centralizer<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56fd\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u5728\u6838\u51b3\u7b56\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e25\u5bc6\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4f46\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u5de6\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u52a8\u5458\u8005\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/strong>mobilizer<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u5708\u5b50\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed9\u4e88\u653f\u6cbb\u51c6\u5165\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8868<\/span>1\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u5728\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u6280\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u5411\u519b\u65b9\u6388\u4e88\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6838\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u76f8\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5f53\u5a01\u80c1\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u6307\u793a\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8868<\/span>1<\/span>\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u672c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6536\u76ca\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u53d8\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e25\u91cd\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8d4c\u535a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/strong>gambler<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u62bc\u6ce8\u56fd\u5185\u5a01\u80c1\u9ad8\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\u5019<\/span><\/span>\u624d\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u4e0b\u653e\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d4c\u535a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62bc\u6ce8\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u62bc\u6ce8\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6218\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u8868<\/span>1\u7684\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5355\u5143\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u59d4\u4efb\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span><\/strong>delegator<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u987a\u5229\u5730\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u5b9e\u65bd\u5176<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u673a\u6784\u6216\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u79cd\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ec5\u6807\u8bc6\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8d4c\u535a\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u59d4\u4efb\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span>\u201c\u51b2\u523a<\/span>\u201d(<\/span><\/span>sprinting<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>\u6269\u6563\u6218\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e00\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6838<\/span><\/span>\u673a\u6784\uff08<\/span><\/span>nuclear bureaucracy<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u4e1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u76d1\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u673a\u5236\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8868<\/span>2\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8be5\u8868<\/span><\/span>\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4f55\u9610\u660e\u4f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u51e0\u4e2a<\/span><\/span>\u6838\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728<\/span>\u201c\u96c6\u6743\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u96c6\u6743\u5316\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\u6392\u9664\u5728\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u5916<\/span>;<\/span>\u9632<\/span><\/span>\u6b62<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u53d8<\/span>;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6216\u5851\u9020\u4f7f\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5185\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/p>\n

\u201c\u52a8\u5458\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u8054\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e89\u53d6\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53d1\u653e\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7acb\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba<\/span>;<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u6838\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d4c\u535a\u8005<\/span>\u201d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u96c6\u6743\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6216\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u59d4\u4efb\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u548c\u519b\u961f\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5c31\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u6307\u6325\u8fd8\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u52a8\u5458\u8005\u6216\u59d4\u4efb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u62e5\u6709<\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u653f\u7b56\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u6587<\/span><\/span>\u5206\u6790\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u745e\u5178\u7684\u6838\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u96c6\u6743\u8005\u5230\u52a8\u5458\u8005\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u8def\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u5458\u8005\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6838\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u4ea4\u6613<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5e76<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7684\u6838\u51b2\u7a81\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6838\u6218\u7565\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8d4c\u535a\u8005<\/span><\/span>\u201d\u548c<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u59d4\u4efb\u8005<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u6838\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u7ec8<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u653f\u6743\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426<\/span>\u201c\u91cd\u8981<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5411<\/span><\/span>\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u653f\u6743\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u5708\u5b50<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u90fd<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6269\u5927\u6838\u653f\u6cbb\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u54ea\u4e9b\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6838\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8fa9\u8bba\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4ecd\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c01\u671f | Review of International Studies  Vol.45, No.4, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c02\u671f | International Relations Vol.33, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a>
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\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c03\u671f | International Organization Vol.73, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c04\u671f | World Politics, Vol.71, No.4, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c05\u671f | European Journal of International Relations<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c06\u671f | Security Studies, Vol.28, No.4, 2019<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c07\u671f|International Secur.ity, Vol 44, No. 2, 2019<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c08\u671f| Cambridge Review of International Affairs,Vol.32,No.4<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c09\u671f| International Relations of Asia-Pacific Vol.19,No.3<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c10\u671f | International Studies Review, Volume.21, No.3, 2019<\/a>
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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c286\u671f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Elizabeth N<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14308"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14308"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14320,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14308\/revisions\/14320"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}