{"id":14123,"date":"2019-10-30T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/ab8a79286e\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:19:36","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:19:36","slug":"ab8a79286e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/10\/30\/ab8a79286e\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c267\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

Matthew Adam Kocher<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bb2\u5e08\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
Adria K. Lawrence<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
Nuno P. Monteiro<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/strong>\u5d14\u5b87\u6db5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/strong>\u5468\u73ab\u7433<\/span>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u8bb8\u6587\u5a77<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6392\u7248\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8d3a\u5955<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kocher, M A., et al. (2018). Nationalism, Collaboration, and Resistance. International Security<\/em>, 43<\/em>(2), 117\u2013150.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u671f\u520a\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u300b\uff08International Security\uff09\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u540c<\/span>\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u5176\u520a\u53d1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u65f6\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/span>\u5b83\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1976\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f17\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08MIT Press\uff09\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u56db\u671f\u3002<\/span>2018\u5e74\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a4.500\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7c7b\u522b\u768485\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

Nationalism, Collaboration, and Resistance<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
  <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5426\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff1f\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ed8\u8bb8\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u5c55\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u5360\u9886\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u5c06\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf1940\u5e74\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6218\u6597\u3001\u5176\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62b5\u6297\u8005\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u201c\u8c01\u62b5\u6297\uff1f\u4f55\u65f6\u62b5\u6297\uff1f\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6000\u7740\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d6\u80dc\u7684\u6218\u65f6\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6291\u5236\u5e76\u6253\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u7ffc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e00\u822c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5982\u4e0b\u6f5c\u80fd\uff1a<\/span>\u52a0\u5267\u6124\u6012\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u56e2\u7ed3\u4ee5\u62b5\u5fa1\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u66b4\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u4e3a\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u5916\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7518\u613f\u5fcd\u53d7\u8270\u8f9b\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u727a\u7272\u751f\u547d\uff1b<\/span>\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56de\u907f\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u8131\u9003\u6216\u602f\u61e6\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u62b5\u6297\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9762\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u5a01\u80c1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span>\u672c\u6587\u8d28\u7591\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u5c48\u4f38\u7684\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u591a\u6837\u751a\u81f3\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\uff1b<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f31\u5316\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u9ed8\u8bb8\u5916\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u654c\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u7684\u56de\u987e\u548c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u627f\u8bfa\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u65cf\u957f\u671f\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u7231\u56fd\u60c5\u611f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f62\u5851\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u634d\u536b\u56fd\u65cf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b<\/span>\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u70ed\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8bfa\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u5e72\u9884\uff1a<\/span>\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u8bba\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fb9\u7f18\u6848\u4f8b\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u732e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u5e72\u9884\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u4f1a\u6fc0\u8d77\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/span>\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u8f83\u5c11\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u53d6\u4e861940-1944\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u62b5\u6297\u5360\u9886\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u9274\u4e8e\u6218\u524d\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5fb7\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u79ef\u6028\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u62b5\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62b5\u6297\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6cd5\u56fd\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u65f6\u673a\uff1b<\/span>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u5bf9\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5386\u7ecf\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff1b<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u515a\u6d3e\u627f\u8bfa\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8c01\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u9ed8\u8bb8\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4e00\u8d2f\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u8d28\u7591\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff1b<\/span>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u6c11\u65cf\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b<\/span>\u7ed3\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u672c\u6587\u8bba\u70b9\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6848\u4f8b\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u5360\u9886<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u6c11\u65cf\u62e5\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u81ea\u51b3\u6743<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u7eb3\uff08Ernest Gellner\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002<\/span>\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u53cd\u6297\u5360\u9886\u8005\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u57c3\u5fb7\u5c14\u65af\u5766\uff08David Edelstein\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u201d\u3002<\/span>\u57fa\u601d\u00b7\u8fbe\u767b\uff08Keith Darden\uff09\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u81f3\u4e0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u727a\u7272\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002<\/span>\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e15\u666e\uff08Robert Pape\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u5219\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5747\u52bf\u683c\u5c40\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5360\u9886\u8005\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u8ba4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6781\u7aef\u624b\u6bb5\u53cd\u5bf9\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5e76\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4fb5\u5360\u672c\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/span><\/strong>
<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u8bba\u6697\u542b\u7740\u4e24\u6761\u5047\u5b9a\uff1a<\/span>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5bb6\u536b\u56fd\u4e3a\u5148\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u727a\u7272\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff1b<\/span>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee4\u539f\u672c\u88ab\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u6240\u5206\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u5411\u5f80\u634d\u536b\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u5047\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u671f\uff1a<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u5171\u540c\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8d28\u7591\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u5e76\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u634d\u536b\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u539f\u5219\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u8d1d\u514b\uff08Rogers Brubaker\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u613f\u666f\u6846\u67b6\u53ca\u57fa\u7840\u201d\u3002<\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u7136\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u5b9e\u884c\u591a\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u515a\u6d3e\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u9762\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u627f\u8bfa\u3001\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u8bae\u7a0b\u548c\u65f6\u4e8b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u5916\u6765\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u957f\u671f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u514b\u5236\u3001\u7ee5\u9756\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u56fd\u5bb6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n


<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

1940\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u505c\u6218\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u56fd3\/5\u7684\u56fd\u571f\u5212\u5f52\u5fb7\u519b\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u519b\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d1f\u62c5\uff1b\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7a7a\u519b\u3001\u9646\u519b\u88c1\u523010\u4e07\u4eba\uff1b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d1d\u5f53\uff08Henri Philippe P\u00e9tain\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u672c\u571f\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\uff09\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u5fb7\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u800c6\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u5728\u8d1d\u5f53\u5ba3\u5e03\u505c\u6218\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\uff08BBC\uff09\u53d1\u51fa\u62b5\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u53f7\u53ec\u3002\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u548c\u8d1d\u5f53\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u6697\u5e74\u4ee3\u201d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8270\u96be\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u4e86\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u6b27\u88ab\u5360\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5927\u591a\u534f\u52a9\u4e86\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u62b5\u6297\u76f4\u81f31943\u5e74\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5915\u624d\u65e5\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u3002\u5f53\u76df\u519b\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u9a71\u9010\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u519b\u53ea\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u9ed8\u8bb8\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff1f\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u53d8\u5316\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u522b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u53d1\u52a8\u62b5\u6297\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u62b5\u6297\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u9547\u538b\u5341\u5206\u6b8b\u9177\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6b66\u88c5\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c11\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\u653f\u7b56\u8db3\u591f\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u51b2\u52a8\u3002<\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u5bf91940\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u5747\u52bf\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u4e3a\u626d\u8f6c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6536\u76ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bbd\u6cdb\u5730\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5de6\u7ffc\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u6218\u4e89\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5747\u52bf\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u524d\u666f\u66f4\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff1b\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u5c40\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca1\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u591f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u7231\u56fd\u8005\uff08patriots\uff09\u3002\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f15\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8d1d\u5f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u624d\u80fd\u62ef\u6551\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8d1d\u5f53\u5c06\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u8d25\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\uff1a\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4e89\u6743\u593a\u5229\u3001\u65e0\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u6e83\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff08R\u00e9volution Nationale\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u7231\u201d\u7684\u65e7\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u4ee5\u201c\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u7edf\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u91cd\u5efa\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u5173\u7ef4\u5e0c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u60c5\u611f\uff08patriotic devotion\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5173\u5207\u624d\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u7ea6\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6cd5\u5fb7\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff1b\u800c\u9274\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u57281940\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u8d25\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u9646\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9738\u6743\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u662f\u5728\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u6062\u590d\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u8d1d\u5f53\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8003\u5bdf\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6cd5\u56fd\u62b5\u6297\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u9632\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u72ed\u7684\u540e\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u65e2\u5b9a\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u751f\u6027\uff08exogenous\uff09\u3001\u65f6\u5e8f\u5728\u524d\uff08temporally anterior\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fbe\u767b\uff08Darden\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u5957\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bfe\u7eb2\u4e2d\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u793e\u533a\u89c6\u4f5c\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u5219\u4e3a\u975e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u89c61940\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5c31\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9e\u884c\u514d\u8d39\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u81f31940\u5e74\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u7531\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u63d0\u5347\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4e49\u52a1\u5175\u5f79\u5236\u3002<\/strong>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u6807\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5316\u7684\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u8f7b\u4f53\u5065\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u5728\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u9884\u5907\u5f79\u4e2d\uff1b\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5219\u662f\u666e\u6cd5\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u6765\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u5b98\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d1d\u5f53\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u8fbe\u4f26\uff08Fran\u00e7ois Darlan\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u59c6\u00b7\u97e6\u7518\uff08Maxime Weygand\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8be5\u653f\u6743\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u7684<\/strong>\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u665a\u81f3\u4e00\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u70c8\uff1a\u57281914-1918\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3a\u56fd\u727a\u7272\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u4f46\u57281940-1944\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u548c\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u5951\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca2\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u884c\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c1940\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u4e0d\u8db3\u662f\u5426\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5360\u9886\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1f\u9547\u538b\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u9650\u5236\u62b5\u6297\u673a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6ca6\u9677\u540e\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u5fb7\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62b5\u6297\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f1a\u5426\u5408\u4f5c\u6216\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u975e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u8005\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u6743\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fb5\u8680\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u590d\u62d2\u7edd\u62b5\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u6016\u7684\u9547\u538b\u80fd\u529b\u7528\u6765\u6253\u51fb\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u5f79\u7ed3\u675f\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u96f7\u8bfa\uff08Paul Reynaud\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u529b\u4e3b\u501f\u52a9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u8d44\u672c\uff1a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c34\u9762\u8230\u961f\u548c\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u5458\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u5357\u6b27\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002\u8d1d\u5f53\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u96f7\u8bfa\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u5fb7\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u505c\u6218\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e5f\u6709\u5206\u6b67\uff1a\u97e6\u7518\u5c06\u519b\u575a\u4fe1\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c1a\u672a\u8d62\u5f97\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u53cd\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\uff1b\u8d1d\u5f53\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8c08\u5224\u3001\u5145\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff1b\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Pierre Laval\uff09\u5219\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u82f1\u56fd\u5c06\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c06\u7edf\u6cbb\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6b67\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u6446\u5728\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u524d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7edd\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u7136\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u524d\u666f\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u8bf4\u660e\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u800c\u57281942\u5e7411\u6708\u76df\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u6297\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9884\u671f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5360\u9886\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c1941\u5e741\u6708\u8d1f\u8d23\u6cd5\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u4eba\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a8\u4e07\uff0c\u52301942\u5e745\u6708\u964d\u81f3\u5927\u7ea64.7\u4e07\uff0c\u5728\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\u524d\u8fbe\u5230\u63a5\u8fd110\u4e07\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u503c\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u751a\u81f3\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7f8e\u519b\u4e0e\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6bd4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u505c\u6218\u534f\u5b9a\u7b2c3\u6761\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8d23\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u5171\u6709\u7ea65\u4e07\u540d\u5baa\u5175\u3001\u673a\u52a8\u8b66\u536b\u548c\u673a\u52a8\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u6b63\u89c4\u8b66\u5bdf\u4ee5\u53ca3\u4e07\u540d\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9547\u538b\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c48\u670d\u5e76\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5728\u904f\u5236\u548c\u632b\u8d25\u62b5\u6297\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca3\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1f\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/strong>\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u4e25\u82db\u7684\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u5f3a\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\u6216\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6000\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002\u65af\u5766\u5229\u00b7\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff08Stanley Hoffmann\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u975e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ef4\u5e0c\u5f53\u5c40\u4e5f\u6000\u7591\u6cd5\u56fd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6216\u5e7f\u5927\u6c11\u4f17\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u9547\u538b\u4e0b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u62b5\u6297\u673a\u4f1a\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u5bbd\u5927\u5360\u9886\u653f\u7b56\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u53db\u4e71\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u88ab\u5176\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2014\u2014\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u5f00\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u6cd5\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8c1c\u56e2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d1d\u5f53\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u56fd\u5185\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u80cc\u666f<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62b5\u6297\uff1a\u8d1d\u5f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5747\u52bf\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u6d3e\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f3\u7ffc\u53ef\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\uff1b\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5de6\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u6784\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9884\u671f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u6cd5\u56fd\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u52301940\u5e745\u6708\u6cd5\u519b\u6e83\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df2\u662f\u56db\u9762\u695a\u6b4c\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d62\u5f97\u4e00\u573a\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u6761\u7ea6\uff1b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u9010\u51fa\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u652f\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u6297\u8861\u7684\u9646\u519b\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7acb\uff1b\u5fb7\u519b\u6b63\u6df1\u5165\u6cd5\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u5fb7\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u82f1\u7f8e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u6d77\u4e0a\u5165\u4fb5\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u57281940\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u957f\u671f\u548c\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u505c\u6218\u6761\u6b3e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4f7f\u5f97\u5408\u4f5c\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b27\u6d32\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/strong>\u77ed\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c06\u5728\u5fb7\u6cbb\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u79cd\u65cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u51b3\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u683c\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u5176\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u58ee\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u52bf\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d1936\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff1a\u6cd5\u5171\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u6267\u653f\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8054\u76df\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff1b\u6781\u53f3\u515a\u6d3e\u4e5f\u65a9\u83b7\u9887\u4e30\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f7c\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u66f4\u52a0\u6781\u5316\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6ca6\u9677\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5d1b\u8d77\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\uff1a<\/strong>\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u88ab\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u5219\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\uff1b\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u653f\u7b56\u6781\u53f3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u626d\u8f6c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5de6\u6d3e\u5360\u4f18\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\/\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf91936\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u7ec4\u7701\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6bcf10\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\u88ab\u6218\u540e\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff1b\uff082\uff091944\u5e74\u7834\u574f\u6cd5\u56fd\u94c1\u8def\u884c\u52a8\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u7701\u7ea7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e3a\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee51936\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6295\u7968\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u4e0e\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u4e4b\u5dee\u4e3a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\uff08OLS\uff09\u56de\u5f52\u4e0e\u6cca\u677e\u56de\u5f52\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u9009\u7968\u652f\u6301\u662f\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u62b5\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u80fd\u5426\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u6d3e\u6bd4\u53f3\u6d3e\u66f4\u5177\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u660e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u6d3e\u6bd4\u53f3\u6d3e\u66f4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u95f4\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u901a\u5e38\u89c6\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u201d\u4e3a\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u662f\u504f\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f3\u6d3e\u5219\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1b\u53f3\u6d3e\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u6050\u60e7\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u52c9\u5f3a\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u524d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ee5\u9756\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u56db\u3001\u7ed3 \u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u62b5\u6297\u5c06\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u8be5\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6253\u51fb\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de6\u6d3e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u53d1\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/span>\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6307\u51fa\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u77ed\u89c6\u548c\u611a\u8822\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\u6218\u7565\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>1806\u5e74\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u653f\u6743\u548c\u519b\u961f\u5f97\u4ee5\u632f\u5174\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u51fb\u8d25\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u65f6\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b<\/span>\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u5fb7\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u76df\u519b\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span>\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6bd4\u8f83\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002<\/span>\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5408\u529b\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u539f\u653f\u6743\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5e76\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\u53cd\u6297\u52bf\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u519b\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u666e\u904d\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5c31\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3001\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u5e72\u9884\u66f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u626b\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u5f80\u671f\u7cbe\u5f69<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u9884\u544a\u3011\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u63a8\u51fa\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u5b66\u672f\u52a8\u6001\u901f\u9012\uff01<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c01\u671f | Review of International Studies  Vol.45, No.4, 2019<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c02\u671f | International Relations Vol.33, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c03\u671f | International Organization Vol.73, No.3, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c04\u671f | World Politics, Vol.71, No.4, 2019<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c05\u671f | European Journal of International Relations<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b0\u520a\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7b2c06\u671f | Security Studies, Vol.28, No.4, 2019<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5206\u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8 1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5206\u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u70b9\u201c\u5728\u770b<\/span>\u201d\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u6735\u5c0f\u9ec4\u82b1\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
 <\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\"\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010IS\u6742\u5fd7\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u901a\u654c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba \u7b2c267\u671f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b80\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011 Matthew Ad<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14123"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14134,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14123\/revisions\/14134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}