{"id":13906,"date":"2019-09-19T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/3fbb34f5b3\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:17:04","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:17:04","slug":"3fbb34f5b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/09\/19\/3fbb34f5b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8fa8\u3011\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8fa8\u3011\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"
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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u2022\u79d1\u4ec0\u7eb3<\/span>(Jonathan Kirshner)<\/span>,\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5b66\u9662<\/span>(Boston College)<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u8d27\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u540e\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53e4\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u300b<\/span>(<\/span>American Power after the Financial Crisis<\/em>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u865e\u6577\u626c\uff08\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u80e1\u8d3a \u7f2a\u9ad8\u610f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5170\u661f\u8fb0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Kirshner, Jonathan. \u201cHandle Him with Care: The Importance of Getting Thucydides Right\u201d,<\/span>Security Studies<\/em>,Vol. 28, No. 1, Routledge, Jan. 2019, pp. 1\u201324.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6536\u5f55\u51fa\u7248\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7a3f\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u517c\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u542b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u6838\u6269\u6563\u3001\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u3001\u519b\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6218\u7565\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u51b3\u7b56\u5230\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8fa8\u3011\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Handle Him with Care: The Importance of Getting Thucydides Right<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8fa8\u3011\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u2022\u79d1\u4ec0\u7eb3<\/span>(Jonathan Kirshner)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8877\u60c5\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u63a2\u8ba8\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5206\u6790\u4e09\u672c\u878d\u5165\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u65b0\u4e66<\/span>—\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u201d\u4e3a\u5207\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u7f8e\u95f4\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u8457\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5173\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u5f88\u591a,\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4ec5\u6709\u7c97\u6d45\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\u7f57\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ryan K. Balot, Sara Forsdyke, and Edith Foster, eds., <\/span>The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides<\/span><\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

Graham Allison, <\/span>Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides\u2019s Trap?<\/span><\/em> (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

S. N. Jaffe, <\/span>Thucydides on the Outbreak of War: Character and Contest<\/span><\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4f55\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5173\u5b66\u8005\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1f\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u57ce\u90a6\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u6b65\u5175\u4e0e\u4e09\u5217\u6868\u5e06\u8239\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5173\u5b66\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c5\u5178\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u4eba\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5168\u4e66\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u8bb0\u53d9\u582a\u79f0\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5e26\u6709\u504f\u5411\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u6700\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u57ce\u90a6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8ba9\u89c2\u4f17\u9759\u97f3\u201d\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u4f55\u5c3d\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fbf\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u540e\u679c\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u88ab\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u65b9\u52bf\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u4eba\u5728\u7a7f\u63d2\u654c\u519b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u8086\u610f\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u6536\u5bb9\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56de\u907f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u524d\u666f\u6216\u662f\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u6740\u622e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8086\u610f\u64ad\u6492\u6781\u7aef\u66b4\u529b\u6781\u5176\u538c\u6076\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u707e\u96be\u662f\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u82e6\u679c<\/span><\/span>(bitter harvest of anarchy)<\/span>\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e13\u95e8\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u76db\u6012\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u6740\u6b7b\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5e74\u7c73\u8482\u5229\u5c3c\u7537\u6027\u5e76\u5974\u5f79\u5269\u4f59\u5973\u6027\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u540e\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u52c9\u5f3a\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6027\u4e0e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5747\u52bf\u601d\u7ef4\u5219\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u4e0e\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5377\u5165\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u6765\u4fdd\u536b\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u62b5\u5fa1\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u76df\u90a6\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\uff1f\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5176\u6d77\u4e0a\u9738\u4e3b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5374\u62e5\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u4eba\u4e50\u89c1\u62e5\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6d77\u4e0a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u897f\u62c9\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u7684\u796d\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5747\u52bf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u6bd4\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u2022\u5409\u5c14\u5e73<\/span>(Robert Gilpin)<\/span>\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u53d8\u9769\u300b<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>War and Change in World Politics<\/span><\/em>)<\/span>\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u201c\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u8ba9\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u89c9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u201d\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u575a\u4fe1\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u9009\u62e9\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u60e7\u6015\u96c5\u5178\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u9610\u8ff0\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6614\u65e5\u76df\u53cb\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u63ed\u793a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u9884\u793a\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201c\u6050\u60e7\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7ea0\u845b\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u3002\u201d\u5229\u76ca\u867d\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6050\u60e7\u624d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u65b9\u51b3\u5b9a\u83b7\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u9009\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5404\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u5176\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u76df\u90a6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u7167\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u5baa\u5236\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u653f\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u76df\uff1b\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u51b3\u5b9a\u8131\u79bb\u5c3c\u4e9a\u897f\u65af\u5408\u7ea6<\/span>(Peace of Nicias)<\/span>\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u548c\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5145\u6ee1\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u6076\u6bd2\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u79bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u8fd9\u4e00\u5355\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5747\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5076\u7136\u6027\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u548c\u50b2\u6162\u81ea\u5927\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u90e8\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u761f\u75ab\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u800c\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bc1\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u548c\u4e0d\u8ba1\u540e\u679c\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u6ca6\u9677\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u654c\u4eba\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u76ee\u7a7a\u4e00\u5207\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
2
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n


<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u72b6\u51b5 <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b<\/span>(<\/span>The Oxford Handbook of Thucydides<\/span><\/em>)<\/span>\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u56db\u5341\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4e09\u4f4d\u7f16\u8005\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u5bf9\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u4f1a\u628a\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u653e\u5728\u8bba\u8bc1\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u8bb0\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ec6\u8282\u6b63\u786e\u4e0e\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e13\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u201d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u8bfb\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5f7c\u5f97<\/span>\u2022<\/span>\u4ea8\u7279<\/span><\/span>(Peter Hunt)<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u624b\u518c\u7684\u4f9b\u7a3f\u8005\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u51b3\u5b9a\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8389\u838e<\/span>\u2022\u514b\u62c9\u7279<\/span>(Lisa Kallet)<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u514b\u62c9\u7279\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>460\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u4e0e\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u662f\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u597d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4e0e\u6597\u4e89\u624d\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8f74\u3002\u827e\u7c73\u8389\u2022\u683c\u6797\u4f0d\u5fb7<\/span>(Emily Greenwood)<\/span>\u5728\u5979\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u751f\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\u6700\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5165\u4fb5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ea\u9700\u6982\u62ec\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5219\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u63cf\u5199\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u66f4\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u5c55\u793a\u4f5c\u8005\u601d\u8def\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u7433\u2022\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u8c6a\u65af<\/span>(Arlene W Saxonhouse)<\/span>\u6307\u51fa\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u5e38\u89c1\u8bdd\u9898<\/span>\u201c\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u201d\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u201d\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\u4e5f\u5728\u62db\u624b\u3002\u5f15\u8ff0\u4e9a\u5e0c\u6bd4\u5fb7<\/span>(Alcibiades)<\/span>\u5728\u9f13\u5439\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5883\u5730:\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba1\u5212\u6269\u5927\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u505c\u6b62\u7edf\u6cbb\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u6709\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5371\u9669\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u4f1a\u4e0d\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u6f14\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4f59\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u2022\u8d39\u820d\u5c14<\/span>(Mark Fisher)<\/span>\u548c\u91d1\u5947<\/span>\u2022\u970d\u514b\u65af\u7279\u62c9<\/span>(Kinch Hoekstra)<\/span>\u63d0\u9192\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u683c\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u5458\u5982\u4f55\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5174\u8da3\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u624b\u518c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728<\/span>\u201c\u8bed\u5883\u4e0e\u53e4\u65f6\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u5927\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6742\u70e9;\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8bef\u8bfb <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u501f\u9274\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb<\/span>;\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u582a\u79f0\u6977\u6a21\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u683c\u96f7\u6c49\u59c6\u2022\u827e\u5229\u68ee<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>Graham Allison<\/span><\/em>)<\/span>\u7684\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\uff1a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u5417\uff1f\u300b<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides\u2019s Trap?<\/span><\/em>)<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u662f\u8349\u7387\u3001\u80a4\u6d45\u3001\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u3001\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<\/span>(\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u674e\u5149\u8000\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e66)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u4e1a\u754c\u5927\u725b\u4e3a\u5176\u8bba\u636e(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u4e8630\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b54\u5b50<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span>\u2022\u65bd\u7f57\u5fb7<\/span><\/span>(Paul Schroeder)<\/span>\u5f3a\u70c8\u8b66\u544a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u8511\u89c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u5fae\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u6f20\u89c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u7ecf\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u6d1e\u89c1\u5c31\u6b62\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u5740\u7684\u62a2\u52ab\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u56e0\u540e\u679c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u6beb\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ea\u6ce8\u91cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u660e\u663e\u9677\u5165\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u65bd\u7f57\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u5957\u7528\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u201c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u9664\u975e\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u8270\u96be\u4e14\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4ed6\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u66f4\u50cf\u96c5\u5178\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u50cf\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7740\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u683c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ee5\u7528\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u884c\u5c06\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff1b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bef\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff0c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u9519\u8bef\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u2014\u2014\u5982\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5ba3\u79f0\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u201c\u6ca1\u80fd\u6d3b\u7740\u770b\u5230\u201d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u9650\u3002\u201d<\/span> <\/span>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u64b0\u6587\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4e2d\u575a\u79f0\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u60b2\u5267<\/span>(\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5)\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u518d\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u9632\u6b62\u51b2\u7a81\u201d;\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u201c\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u53cc\u65b9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u66f4\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u59a5\u534f\u548c\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u201d\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u6447\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u2014\u2014\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd:\u516c\u4f17\u6295\u7968\u8d5e\u6210\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6025\u5207\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u4ef2\u88c1\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u540e\u6765\u624d\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5173\u4e8e\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u4e0d\u80dc\u6570\u3002\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e0a\u7684600\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u901a\u5f80\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u5927\u9519\u7279\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8bb0\u8ff0\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u8b66\u793a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u573a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u516b\u6708\u7684\u70ae\u706b\u201d<\/span>(Guns of August)<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\u8c8c\u4f3c\u6709\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7531\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5584\u4e0e\u8bef\u5224\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u88ab\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u70ed\u717d\u52a8\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u63a7\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u573a\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5373\u5c06\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u548c\u5e73\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u66f4\u504f\u7231\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e9a\u745f\u2022\u57c3\u79d1\u65af\u5766<\/span><\/span>(Arthur M. Eckstein)<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201d<\/span> <\/span>\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u63d0\u5021\u8005\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u50b2\u6162\u4e0e\u76ee\u7a7a\u4e00\u5207<\/span> (\u628a\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c06\u9886\u5c06\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684)\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6015\u9677\u9631\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9677\u9631\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u50b2\u6162\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u201c\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u597d\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u91cd\u8fd4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d77\u56e0 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u6218\u4e89\u8d77\u56e0\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u827e\u745e\u514b<\/span>\u2022\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\uff08\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8bba\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff09\u4e0eS<\/span>.N.<\/span>\u4e9a\u8d39<\/span><\/span>(S.N.Jaffe)<\/span>\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8bba\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff1a\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u300b<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>Thucydides on the Outbreak of War: Character and Contest<\/span><\/em>)<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bfb\u3002\u4e9a\u8d39\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5377\u300b\u4e5f\u6709\u6536\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5728\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u653f\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1b\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u62c5\u5fc3\u6218\u4e89\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u626c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u660e\u667a\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e9a\u83f2\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u201d\u800c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u5272\u88c2\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u4e0e\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u53cc\u65b9\u5230\u5e95\u8c01\u8be5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u4f2f\u91cc\u514b\u5229\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e9a\u8d39\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5747\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u4e0e\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8054\u76df\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u5177\u6709\u6311\u8845\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u65e8\u5728\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6297\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u5bf9\u96c5\u5178\u6108\u52a0\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u800c\u611f\u5230\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5728\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e24\u4f4d\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u9886\u8896\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u65f6\u523b\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u4e0e\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u8d28\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u800c\u4e9a\u8d39\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5f52\u7ed3\u6210\u5438\u5f15\u70b9\u51fb\u7387\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\n
5
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u9677\u9631 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8bba\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u76f4\u63a5\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5bf9\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u7684\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bf9\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u6311\u6218\u8005\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u526f\u6807\u9898\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u60f3\u628a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5f53\u4ee3\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u6210<\/span>\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u65b0\u5174\u5927\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u878d\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u6700\u68d8\u624b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u50b2\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u8eab\u5904\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\uff08\u5e76\u672a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u73b0\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u5219\u800c\u611f\u5230\u607c\u6012;\u8001\u724c\u5f3a\u56fd\u5219\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5bf9\u540e\u8d77\u4e4b\u79c0\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u5fc3\u5b58\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u5e76\u5bb3\u6015\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u4f1a\u8ba9\u65b0\u5174\u52bf\u529b\u5f97\u5bf8\u8fdb\u5c3a\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u7f57\u5217\u4e8616\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d12\u4e2a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u7528\u4e8612\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u91cc\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u82b1\u8d3930\u9875\u6765\u56de\u987e\u82f1\u5fb7\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea<\/span><\/span>(Paul Kennedy)<\/span>\u548c\u4e9a\u4f26<\/span>\u2022\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u4f2f\u683c<\/span>(Aaron Friedberg)<\/span>\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u672a\u8d28\u7591\u8fc7\u4e00\u6218\u4e0e\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u505a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5360\u636e\u4e09\u9875\u7bc7\u5e45\u7684\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u65e5\u7f8e\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u6b64\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>(\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6bd4\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u96c5\u5178\u5bf9\u9ea6\u52a0\u62c9<\/span>(Megara)<\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u5904\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u3002\u4ee5\u7f8e\u65e5\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u8001\u724c\u5927\u56fd\u5bf9\u65b0\u5174\u5927\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ea6\u52a0\u62c9\u6cd5\u4ee4<\/span><\/span>(Megarian Decree)<\/span>\u662f\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u5bf9\u5b88\u6210\u5927\u56fd\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u52a0\u5267\u7f8e\u65e5\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u79f0\u8d5e\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u975e\u8fd1\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u65e5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u5927\u8427\u6761\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5f20\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u8bef\u5224\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5348\u9605\u8bfb\u96c5\u5178\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u9ea6\u52a0\u62c9\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u8bfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5bf9\u7f8e\u65e5\u7b49\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u6000\u7591\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<\/span>15\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u738b\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u540c\u6837\u5f15\u8d77\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1f\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u50cf\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u62e5\u6838\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u4e0e\u524d\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u4e00\u573a\u915d\u917f\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u66b4\u201d\u6b63\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5929\u771f\u7684\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u95ed\u585e\u3001\u7231\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u5242\u826f\u836f\u3002\u5b83\u65f6\u523b\u63d0\u9192\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e4b\u8def\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u5236\u9020\u8005\u3002\u90a3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5f88\u806a\u660e\u4e0e\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u529f\u201d\u3002\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5148\u7528\u534e\u4e3d\u7684\u8f9e\u85fb\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8f76\u4e8b\u8d5e\u626c\u4e86\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e86\u80a4\u6d45\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u674e\u5149\u8000\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684T<\/span>ED<\/span>\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u53ef\u80fd\u9677\u5165\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8bf4\u6559\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>\u201c\u65f6\u673a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6
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\u91cd\u4fee\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5bf9\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u7c97\u6d45\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8f\u5927\u4e14\u7ec6\u81f4\u5165\u5fae\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d34\u5728\u6c7d\u8f66\u4fdd\u9669\u6760\u4e0a\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u9605\u8bfb\u4e24\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u7c73\u6d1b\u65af\u5bf9\u8bdd<\/span><\/span>(Melian Dialogue)<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u9605\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u8de8\u8d8a\u8fd9<\/span>15\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u6570\u767e\u9875\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u90a3\u6837\u603b\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u201c\u96c5\u5178\u5927\u4f7f\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u5927\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u201d\u5e76\u8b66\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u5f3a\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u800c\u5f31\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u9006\u6765\u987a\u53d7\u3002\u201d\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u505c\u4e0b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u8f6c\u800c\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7c73\u6d1b\u65af\u5c9b<\/span>(Melos)<\/span>\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5371\u9669\u800c\u8be6\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u653f\u6743\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u653f\u6743\u65e0\u529b\u62b5\u5fa1\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u3002\u800c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7c73\u6d1b\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4e0e\u5176\u76df\u53cb<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u51fb\u8d25\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u540e<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u201c<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u6d88\u706d\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\u800c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e13\u4e1a\u66f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5219\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u50b2\u6162\u81ea\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6218\u300b\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u5730\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u573a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u6bd4\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u5efa\u8bae\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e94\u5bf9\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> 
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f \u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5f0f\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u6743\u89c2\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3011\u514b\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6848\u4f8b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u963f\u7c73\u5854\u00b7\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\uff1a\u91cd\u5851\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u6000\u7591\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u627f\u8bfa | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u672a\u6765 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u781d\u7801\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u81ea\u62ac\u8eab\u4ef7\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u540c\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u96be\u9898\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u8bef\u8bc6\uff1a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u3011\u975e\u6d32\u519c\u6751\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5269\u7537\u4e0e\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u7684\u90bb\u65cf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7406\u8bba \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u88c1\u519b\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6b66\u5668\u88c1\u519b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u4e0e\u9632\u6b62\u6027\u66b4\u529b\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e58\u79ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u6539\u8fdb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5de5\u5177 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u683c\u5c40\u3011\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u6cfd\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5df4\u4ee5\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u800c\u201c\u6218\u201d\uff1a\u4ee5\u52a0\u6c99\u8239\u961f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u7ade\u4e89 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u4e89\u7aef\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u8054\u76df\u5f62\u6210\u8fd8\u662f\u5747\u52bf\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011IS\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u5316\uff1a\u8bba\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u58eb\u5175\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u52df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010fsQCA\u5206\u6790\u3011\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u5e9c\u4f55\u65f6\u8fc7\u6e21\u6c11\u4e3b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u673a\u5236\u590d\u5408\u4f53 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6b27\u503a\u5371\u673a\u5230\u7533\u6839\u533a\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u653f\u6cbb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u672a\u6765 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u4ee5\u5b89\u00b7\u5170\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4f8b\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u65e5\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u53cd\u601d\u8eab\u4efd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u65e5\u97e9\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u7cfb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u5417\uff1f\u5a01\u6151\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u4f24\u5bb3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u6b27\u76df\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1aWTO\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u600e\u6837\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u8bae\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u534e\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u9648\u5eb7\u4ee4 \u6f58\u5fe0\u5c90\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u7ecf\u5178\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6982\u5ff5\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u6307\u5411\u3001\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u8def\u5f84<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6c61\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8d8a\u8f68\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6325\u970d\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u523b\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8fa8\u3011\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff1a\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e28\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

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