{"id":13744,"date":"2019-08-14T14:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/2de05ce103\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:05:19","slug":"2de05ce103","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/08\/14\/2de05ce103\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6731\u8389\u5a05\u00b7\u963f\u624e\u5c14\uff0c\u9a6c\u51ef\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\u548c\u526f\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6770\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u4f20\u9012\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u603b\u7edf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u300b\uff08<\/span>Delivering the People\u2019s Message: The Changing Politics of the Presidential Mandate<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u963f\u624e\u5c14\u6559\u6388\u62e5\u6709\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u7855\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u5384\u5df4\u7eb3-\u9999\u69df\u5206\u6821\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u5174\u8da3\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u515a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u66fe\u83b7\u9a6c\u51ef\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u91cc\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5b66\u9662\u5956\u5b66\u91d1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8d75\u709c\u5a77<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5f90\u67ab\u6f47<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u738b\u56fd\u6b23<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Julia Azari (2019). It’s the Institutions, Stupid: The Real Roots of America’s Political Crisis. Foreign Affairs, 98(4) (Jul\/Aug, 2019), 12-18.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Foreign Affairs\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1922\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u6742\u5fd7\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6839\u636e2014\u5e74\u7684\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u6587\u62a5\u544a\uff08<\/span>Web Of Science<\/span>\uff09\uff0c \u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a2.009\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7c7b\u522b\u768485\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c6\u3002(<\/span>Delivering the People\u2019s Message: The Changing Politics of the Presidential Mandate<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f53\u5236\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

It’s the Institutions, Stupid: The Real Roots of America’s Political Crisis<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n


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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u957f\u671f\u8870\u843d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u59cb\u4e8e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u52a0\u5267\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u5185\u6597\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u53ea\u662f\u6781\u81f4\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8870\u843d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u574f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4eca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u56e0\u5e94\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u867d\u5177\u6709<\/span>\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027<\/span>\u201d(inclusive)\u4f46\u5374<\/span>\u201c\u5931\u6548<\/span>\u201d(ineffective)\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u793a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u6295\u7968\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5448\u73b0\u79cd\u65cf\u591a\u5143\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f34\u968f\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5728\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u5c31\u9884\u7b97\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u8bc9\u8bf8\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u8fb9\u624b\u6bb5\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u53f0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2017-19\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e3a\u4eea\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u653f\u5e9c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u5728\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u5411\u5931\u8c03\u7684\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u4ecd\u4e0e\u5404\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u533a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u5168\u56fd<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u9009\u4e3e<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u65e5\u8d8b\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91cd\u89c6<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8272\u76f2<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>(colorblind)<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u79cd\u65cf\u8bae\u9898\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u805a\u7126\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u548c\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83<\/span>\u7834\u574f\u591a\u6570\u7acb\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u5c11\u7684\uff08\u591a\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u5dde\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff09\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u8fc7\u5927\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c11\u6570\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed1\u67b6\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u4ee5\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u5236\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u67aa\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3a\u5934\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u67aa\u652f\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6700\u540e\u672a\u80fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53<\/span>(\u5373\u5168\u56fd\u6b65\u67aa\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>)\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u53cd\u6620\u5730\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u610f\u89c1\u53cd\u5e94\u5374\u8f83\u4e3a\u8fdf\u949d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u7ea7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u6301\u5c11\u6570\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u5171\u548c\u515a\u9009\u533a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u58f0\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9009\u4e3e\u4ecd\u5177\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u515a\u81f3\u5c11\u7ade\u9010\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684<\/span>435\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<\/span>50\u4e2a\u5de6\u53f3\u662f\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5170<\/span>\u00b7\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u83ab\u7ef4\u8328<\/span>(Alan Abramowitz)\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6295\u7968\u770b\u4f3c\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5dde\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u4e0e\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u76f8\u6bd4\u663e\u5f97\u5931\u8861\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4ee5<\/span>1960\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u548c\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0d\u5206\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728<\/span>2016\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc<\/span>\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u4ee5<\/span>30\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u8d62\u5f97\u52a0\u5dde\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4ee5<\/span>9\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u9886\u5148\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5dde\u5df2\u6210\u5b9a\u5c40\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6447\u6446\u5dde\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u653f\u515a\u8fc7\u53bb\u626e\u6f14\u7f13\u548c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u548c\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u4f46\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u653f\u515a\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u96be\u786e\u4fdd\u653f\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5230\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a73\u65a5\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u8131\u8282\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2020\u5e74\u521d\u9009\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5168\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u8d85\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7535\u89c6\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u95e8\u574e\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u5207\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8131\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

 \u9009\u4e3e\u504f\u6267<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u662f\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5c06\u7531\u5dde\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u9009\u4e3e\u56e2\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u901a\u8baf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u51e0\u6b21\u4fee\u5baa\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u5316\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5982\u7b2c<\/span>15\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u6295\u7968\uff1b<\/span>1913\u5e74\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u7b2c<\/span>17\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u63a5\u8fde\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5c06\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u6269\u5927\u5230<\/span>18\u81f3<\/span>21\u5c81\u7684\u5987\u5973\u7b49\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u5f81\u6536\u6295\u7968\u7a0e\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u666e\u9009\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u9769\u4e3b\u8981\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u516c\u6295\u548c\u6295\u7968\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u89c6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5b83\u6392\u6324\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u7acb\u573a\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u538b\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5206\u6563\u8bae\u5458\u4ece\u4e8b\u6267\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u5468\u671f\u5df2\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u5e74\u7684<\/span>“\u957f\u671f\u7ade\u9009<\/span>“\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u65e0\u5fc3\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u58eb\u6307\u8d23\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u9009\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u504f\u597d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u4e24\u515a\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5206\u5316<\/span>(ideological sorting)\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u515a\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u591a\u6570\u515a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u53d6\u5f97\u5168\u9762\u80dc\u5229\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e13\u4e3a\u59a5\u534f\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9009\u4e3e\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6311\u9009\u548c\u95ee\u8d23\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u961f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u670d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u504f\u597d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8054\u76df\u3002\u4f46\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c<\/span>\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5708\u5b50\u5c06\u4ed6<\/span>1964\u5e74\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6297\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u7b79\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u91cc\u6839\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u4eec\u5219\u628a<\/span>1980\u5e74\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u62a4\u822a\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u56db\u5e74\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u6b21\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u4efb\u671f\u4e3a\u516d\u5e74\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e2d\u671f\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6307\u8d23\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4f1a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6b21\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9009\u6c11\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8be5\u4f53\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
3<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u8ff7\u601d <\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8c08\u8bba\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u79cd\u65cf\u9636\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u5c06\u5974\u96b6\u7b97\u4f5c\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5206\u914d\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff1b\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1934\u5e74\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4f4f\u623f\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u6027\u5730\u6b67\u89c6\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c0f\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u6781\u96be\u83b7\u5f97\u4f4f\u623f\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u7ef4\u90fd\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a<\/span>(Avidit Acharya)\u3001\u9a6c\u4fee<\/span>\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u97e6\u5c14<\/span>(Matthew Blackwell)\u548c\u739b\u96c5<\/span>\u00b7\u68ee<\/span>(Maya Sen)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u5851\u9020\u7740\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span>:\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u66fe\u7ecf\u5974\u96b6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e73\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7\u7279\u65af\u52d2<\/span>(Michael Tesler)\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span>\u00b7\u897f\u5fb7\u65af<\/span>(John Sides)\u548c\u6797\u6069<\/span>\u00b7\u74e6\u592b\u96f7\u514b<\/span>(Lynn Vavreck)\u4e5f\u5728\u300a\u8eab\u4efd\u5371\u673a\u300b<\/span>(Identity Crisis)\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa<\/span>:\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5851\u9020\u3001\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u80fd\u8ba4\u6e05\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u88ab\u704c\u8f93\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u5dee\u5f02\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5dee\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u672c\u8eab\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u5176\u4efb\u5185\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u653b\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u5374\u5f15\u81f4\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u8272\u76f2<\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span>colorblindness\uff09\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>2016\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u5c06\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u66f4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5728\u7ade\u9009\u671f\u95f4\u547c\u5401\u7981\u6b62\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5c31\u804c\u540e\u9881\u5e03\u9650\u7a46\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8fb9\u5883\u5206\u79bb\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540e\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
4<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u9ad8\u538b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb   <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
  <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4f20\u9012\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5448\u73b0\u7ade\u9009\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65f6\u4ee3\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u7279\u6717\u666e\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u9020\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8c03\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f53\u5236\u77db\u76fe\u4e2d\u4e0a\u53f0\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8868\u660e\u6539\u9769\u548c\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u79f0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ece\u672a\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u671f\u5f85\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>:\u653f\u6cbb\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u673a\u6784\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u56fd\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u79c1\u5211\u7acb\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u5c06\u7cbe\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u548c\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u80fd\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u63a8\u52a8\u7f13\u89e3\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u5c06\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u5207\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u673a\u6784<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u653f\u515a<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u7ade\u9009\u8f9e\u4ee4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\u7684\u5931\u671b\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u83b7\u80dc\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u589e\u52a0\u653f\u7b56\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5426\u5b9a\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u5176\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u9192\u9009\u6c11\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u9009\u4e3e\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u4e3e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u547d\u8109<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u56fd\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u75f4\u8ff7\u8fdb\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u6311\u8d77\u4e89\u7aef\u4ee5\u5229\u9009\u60c5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u786e\u5173\u4e4e\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5316\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span>:\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u5206\u88c2\u4e14\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u6267\u653f\u8054\u76df\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u547d\u8fd0\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6781\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f46<\/span>2018\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f\u9009\u4e3e\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u597d\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61<\/span>:\u9009\u6c11\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u50cf\u5979\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5151\u73b0\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5f0f\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u6743\u89c2\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3011\u514b\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6848\u4f8b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u533a\u57df\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u963f\u7c73\u5854\u00b7\u963f\u67e5\u4e9a\uff1a\u91cd\u5851\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u6000\u7591\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u627f\u8bfa | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u672a\u6765 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u781d\u7801\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u81ea\u62ac\u8eab\u4ef7\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u540c\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u96be\u9898\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u8bef\u8bc6\uff1a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u3011\u975e\u6d32\u519c\u6751\u793e\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5269\u7537\u4e0e\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u7684\u90bb\u65cf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6838\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7406\u8bba \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u6731\u8389\u5a05\u00b7\u963f\u624e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13744"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13744"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13751,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13744\/revisions\/13751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}