{"id":13714,"date":"2019-08-10T14:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/a9837250d9\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:04:54","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:04:54","slug":"a9837250d9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/08\/10\/a9837250d9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Sean D. Ehrlich<\/span>\u662f\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u5b89\u5a1c\u5821\u5206\u6821\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e2<\/span>011<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<\/span><\/span>Access Points: An Institutional Theory of Policy Bias and Policy Complexity<\/span><\/em><\/span> <\/span><\/em>\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a<\/span><\/span>\uff08A<\/span>PSA<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>2<\/span>012<\/span>\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684<\/span> Gladys M. <\/span>Kammerer<\/span> Award<\/span>\uff0c\u8be5\u5956\u65e8\u5728\u5956\u52b1\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u65bd\u6995<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u9648\u6210\u9f99<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6821<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8bb8\u6587\u5a77<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Ehrlich, Sean D. “The fair trade challenge to embedded liberalism.” <\/span>International Studies Quarterly<\/span><\/em> 54.4 (2010): 1013-1033.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\uff08International Studies Quarterly\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u5b63\u62a5\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1959<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u2002Wiley-Blackwell<\/span>\u4ee3\u8868\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/span>D<\/span>a<\/span>niel Nexon<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u2002Journal Citation Reports<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u76842017<\/span>\u5e74\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a2.148<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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The Fair Trade Challenge to Embedded Liberalism<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u597d\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\u7406\u8bba<\/span>(<\/span>embedded liberalism)<\/span>\u5f62\u6210\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8865\u507f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u594f\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7531\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6c11\u610f\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u8003\u5bdf\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5851\u9020\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u6839\u636e\u9c81\u6770\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u635f\u8005\u5b9e\u884c\u8865\u507f\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u5851\u9020\u6c11\u610f\u5e76\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53d7\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u6bd4\u5982<\/span> Stolper-Samuelson<\/span>\u5b9a\u7406\u548c<\/span> <\/span>Ricardo-Viner<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u504f\u597d\u53ea\u6709<\/span>2\u79cd\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b83\uff08\u5373\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u5b9e\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7edf\u4e00\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u9650\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u4e8e\u522b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc720\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u8427\u6761\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u56fd\u5185\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u653e\u800c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u9c81\u6770\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\uff08<\/span>embedded liberalism<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u5185\u5d4c\u4e8e\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8865\u507f\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u52a8\u5458\u6c11\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u81ea\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u6765\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u4f17\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8c03\u63a7\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u6d88\u9664\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4ee5\u63a9\u9970\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u5f20\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f52\u7eb3\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u505a\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u8d38\u6613\u504f\u597d\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u504f\u597d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u5bf9\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u800c\u54ea\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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 \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff08\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u9650\u5236\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff1b<\/span>\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u800c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u76f4\u767d\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u514d\u53d7\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u800c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u5bf9\u8c61\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6807\u51c6\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u51cf\u5c11\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5e94\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u661f\u5df4\u514b\u7684\u5496\u5561\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u5021\u8bae\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u53e3\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5021\u8bae\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
3<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5c06\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u6216\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5219\u90fd\u88ab\u5212\u5165\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u89c6\u4e3a\u63a9\u9970\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u672a\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u591a\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span>\u672c\u6587<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8003\u8651\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d\u6709<\/span>2\u4e2a<\/span>\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5982\u8868<\/span>1\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u8868<\/span>1\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/td>\n		\n
\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u53cd\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
I<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
II<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
III<\/span>\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
IV<\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u7684<\/span>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5f53\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span>\u6309\u7167\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u51fa\u53e3\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4e14\u6280\u672f\u719f\u7ec3\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u8d44\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u6536\u5165\u8861\u91cf\uff09\u4e14\u5728\u4e0e\u8fdb\u53e3\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5f62\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u503e\u5411\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5987\u5973\u3001\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u3001\u5df2\u5a5a\u8005\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u8005\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u800c\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5c06\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u9ad8\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u540e\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08<\/span>p<\/span>ostmaterialists<\/span>\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e74\u8f7b\u3001\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u7740\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u5355\u8eab\u3001\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7b49\u3002\u672a\u5c31\u4e1a\u8005\u3001\u975e\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u548c\u5987\u5973\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u5c11\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u8868<\/span>2\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u5047\u8bbe\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u662f\u771f\u5fc3\u5b9e\u610f\u7684\uff09\uff0c<\/span>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868<\/span>2\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5f71\u54cd\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u652f\u6301\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u6b63\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6b63\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5de5\u4f1a<\/span>\u6210\u5458<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6536\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6536\u5165<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u672a<\/span>\u5c31\u4e1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u672a<\/span>\u5c31\u4e1a<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5e74\u9f84<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5de5\u4f1a<\/span>\u6210\u5458<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5e74\u9f84<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5973\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5973\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5df2\u5a5a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5df2\u5a5a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

  \u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u5907\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u5176\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9ad8\uff1b\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u662f\u533a\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e14\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff1b\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
4<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
 \u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86<\/span>2006<\/span>\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u9488\u5bf9<\/span>1000<\/span>\u540d\u8c03\u67e5\u8005\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u8c03\u67e5\u6765\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53e3\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5426\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u6709<\/span>2\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u504f\u597d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>1\uff09\u4f60\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u53e3\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4f4e\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5916\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>2\uff09\u4f60\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u540c\u610f\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u53e3\u56fd\u5916\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u524d\u6587\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u56db\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54<\/span>\u4ece<\/span>1<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>5<\/span>\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u3001\u540c\u610f\u3001\u65e2\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7b49\u4e94\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e<\/span>1<\/span>\u6216\u8005<\/span>2\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e<\/span>3\u3001<\/span>4<\/span><\/span>\u6216<\/span>5<\/span>\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u504f\u597d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u8d34\u6709\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08<\/span>3\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d34\u6709\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c \u5373\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u65f6\u9075\u5faa\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u4fdd\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u4ea7\u54c1\u9ad8\u51fa1<\/strong>0%<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u5b83\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u8d2d\u4e70\u66f4\u52a0\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u201d\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8a00\u884c\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u662f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u9879<\/span>Probit\u6a21\u578b\u6765<\/span>\u63a2\u7a76\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u522b\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u7c7b\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u7c7b\u5c06\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\u4ee5\u4f30\u7b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u53e6\u4e00\u504f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9009\u53d6\u4efb\u4e00\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u505a\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e09\u7c7b\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u8868<\/span>3\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u662f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5f52\u4e3a\u54ea\u4e00\u7c7b\uff1a\u662f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u613f\u610f\u8d2d\u4e70\u66f4\u8d35\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u5173\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u94b1\u8d2d\u4e70\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u7740\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5c06\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u5355\u9879<\/span>probit<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63a2\u7a76\u5404\u4e2a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u88684<\/span>\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/strong>\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5173\u5207\u800c<\/span><\/strong>\u4ea7\u751f<\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u4f2a\u88c5<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u7684<\/span>31.4%\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span>\u7ea6\u5360<\/span>7.6%\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005<\/span>\u7ea6\u5360<\/span>30.3%\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5360<\/span>30.7%<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u7c7b\uff08<\/span>baseline category<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u504f\u597d\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span>\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong>\u516c\u6c11\u5f62\u6210\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\uff08<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span><\/strong>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u5373\u968f\u7740<\/span><\/strong>\u6536\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u503e\u5411\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e<\/span><\/strong>\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u504f\u5411\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u66f4\u5c11\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/span>\u5973\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u66f4\u5c11\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u800c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u597d\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u6536\u5165\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u4e24\u79cd\u504f\u597d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0a\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong>\u6216\u6536\u5165<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u589e\u52a0<\/span><\/strong>\u90fd\u80fd\u540c\u65f6<\/span><\/strong>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u503e\u5411\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u503e\u5411<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8868<\/span><\/span><\/strong>3:<\/span><\/strong> \u591a\u9879<\/span>Probit\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/p>\n

\u8868<\/span><\/span><\/strong>4:<\/span><\/strong> \u5355\u9879<\/span>Probit\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n

\n
\n
5<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u542f\u793a  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4f17<\/span><\/span>\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u800c\u652f\u6301<\/span><\/span>\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613<\/span><\/span>\u5e76\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u3002\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8ba9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8865\u507f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u594f\u6548\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c<\/span>N<\/span>AFTA<\/span>\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u5f62\u6210\u504f\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u89c6\u91ce\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u575a\u6301\u91c7\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u4e3b\u6743\u89c2\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3011\u514b\u670d\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5386\u53f2\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6848\u4f8b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u781d\u7801\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u81ea\u62ac\u8eab\u4ef7\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u540c\u76df\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u96be\u9898\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u516c\u5e73\u8d38\u6613\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011Sean D<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13714"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13714"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13721,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13714\/revisions\/13721"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}