{"id":13680,"date":"2019-08-02T14:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/fcb31170ca\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:04:26","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:04:26","slug":"fcb31170ca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/08\/02\/fcb31170ca\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n


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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u591a(Mary Kaldor)\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662(LSE)\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531DFID\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5f53\u4ee3\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4e2d\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5979\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6838\u88c1\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u521b\u7acb\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u516c\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5df4\u6d1b\u514b\u5f0f\u519b\u706b\u5e93\u300b\u300a\u65b0\u65e7\u6218\u4e89:\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66b4\u529b\u300b\u300a\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a:\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u9648\u821c\u6ce2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8521\u5b87<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5218\u745b\u741b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Kaldor, M. (2010). Inconclusive Wars: Is Clausewitz Still Relevant in these Global Times? Global Policy, 1(3), 271\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1758-5899.2010.00041.x<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u300a\u5168\u7403\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u5168\u7403\u76f8\u5173\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5177\u6709\u5168\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u533a\u57df\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6559\u8bad\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u653f\u7b56\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u65b0\u30022018\u5e74\u8be5\u6742\u5fd7\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a1.197\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Inconclusive Wars: Is Clausewitz Still Relevant in these Global Times?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n

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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u6218\u4e89\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328<\/span><\/span>\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u7b56\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff1b\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff08\u5728\u666e\u904d\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff1b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7406\u6027<\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d<\/span><\/span>\u4ec5<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u5c06\u519b\u548c\u4eba\u6c11<\/span><\/span>\u53d1\u8d77\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6027\u683c<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8bba\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f<\/span>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span>\u5728<\/span>21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5417\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u4e60\u60ef\u6027<\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5c0a\u91cd\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u591a\u8fb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d6\u4ee3\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u6218\u4e89\u88ab\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e<\/span>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/span>\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ee5\u7ed3\u675f\u6218\u4e89\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u540e\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8bba<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5438\u7eb3\u4e86\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/span><\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u5de5\u5177\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728<\/span>21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u5f53\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u8fdb\u884c<\/span>\u4e86<\/span><\/span>\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>absolute war<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>real war<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8bba\u805a\u7126\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1<\/span><\/span>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/span>\u4e0a\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u5f3a\u8feb\u654c\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u9664\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u867d\u7136<\/span><\/span>\u771f\u5b9e<\/span><\/span>\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u6469\u64e6\u201d<\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u969c\u788d\u201d<\/span>\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f46\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5185\u5728\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u201c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u969c\u788d\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span>\u65b0\u578b\u51b2\u7a81\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u5c0f\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u6253\u8d25\u654c\u4eba\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u6ca1\u6709\u6b62\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u624b\u5c65\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b7c\u706d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b7c\u706d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f<\/span><\/span>\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>(\u6216\u6467\u6bc1)\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span>\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>(\u6216\u7834\u574f)\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/span>\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u6c11\u65cf\u611f\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u8c13<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8f83\u91cf\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span><\/span>contest of will<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f46<\/span><\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>mutual enterprise\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c31<\/span><\/span>\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u65b9\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u4e89\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6218\u4e89\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6f2b\u957f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u672f\u8bed\u4e3a\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u548c\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d<\/span>\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50<\/span><\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u4ece\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\u53ef\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u62a2\u52ab\u3001\u7ed1\u67b6\u3001\u8bbe\u7acb\u68c0\u67e5\u7ad9\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u8d70\u79c1\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u8d29\u8fd0\u7b49\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u5f81\u7a0e\u201d\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u63f4\u52a9\u6216\u52a8\u5458\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u6c47\u6b3e<\/span>\u7b49<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5185\u5728\u503e\u5411\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6765\u91cd\u73b0\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u83b7\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u65e2\u76f8\u4e92\u52fe\u7ed3\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u503e\u5411\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u52a8\u5458\u5404\u65b9<\/span><\/span>\u52bf\u529b<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u4ea4\u6218\u5404\u65b9<\/span><\/span>\u8fdb\u884c<\/span><\/span>\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6218\u7565\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u540e\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u6216\u6311\u6218\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u6781\u9650\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
2<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u7406\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6 <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u662f\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002\u7406\u6027\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u2014\u2014\u5206\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5c06\u519b\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u4e3b\u8981\u201d\u6216\u201c\u66f4\u591a\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u6218\u4e89\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u89c6\u5185\u9601\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e09\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u5e94\u662f\u5185\u9601\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5185\u9601\u5728\u6c47\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u901a\u8fc7\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u52a8\u5458\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/span><\/span>\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a<\/span><\/span>\u5efa\u8bbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u6709\u5173\u5417?\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u519b\u961f\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u662f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u96be\u533a\u5206\u6218\u6597\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u503e\u5411\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u663e\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u4ee5\u5176\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u7684\u575a\u6301\u800c\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u800c<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u672f\u8bed\u4e3a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5143\u7d20\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/span>\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u540c\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/span>\u7406\u6027\u7684\u542f\u8499\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6e90\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u84c4\u610f\u8fdd\u53cd\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u81ea1945\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u652f\u6301\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b<\/span>:\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u4ec5\u4ec5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u503e\u5411\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u662f\u5c06\u6fc0\u60c5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5f97\u5230\u5408\u6cd5\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\u6388\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01<\/span><\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u7406<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5173\u4e4e<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u6216\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u593a\u53d6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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3<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n


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\n
\u5bf9\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u6388\u6743\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

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\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u6b64\u7c7b\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u884c\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u6587\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u5bdf\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u90e8\u961f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u5929\u624d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6<\/span>(\u6216\u5979)\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5730\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5f62\u52bf\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u4ed6(\u6216\u5979)\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u89c6\u9519\u89c9\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u7a7f\u6218\u4e89\u8ff7\u96fe\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6(\u6216\u5979)\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u201c\u91cd\u5fc3\u201d\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5341\u5206\u9f13\u821e\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f80\u671f\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a> <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8c01\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff1f <\/span>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u654c\u610f\u5417\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\uff08EDTG\uff09\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2014\u2014\u4ece1970\u5e74\u52302016\u5e74 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d5e\u52a9\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f0a\u6717\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5f0f\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u9677\u9631 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u524d\u666f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u91cd\u78c5\u3011\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u57fa\u6b27\u6c49\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u4e0e\u65e7 \uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u514b\u52b3\u585e\u7ef4\u8328\u5728\u5168\u7403\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ecd\u9002\u7528\u5417\uff1f\uff5c\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u591a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13680"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13680"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13686,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13680\/revisions\/13686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}