{"id":13594,"date":"2019-07-16T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/2397730347\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:03:19","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:03:19","slug":"2397730347","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/07\/16\/2397730347\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f|<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e9a\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u9ed8\uff08<\/span>Andreas Wimmer<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u300b\uff08<\/span>Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u67ef\u5b5c\u51dd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8d75\u709c\u5a77<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u738b\u56fd\u6b23 \u5218\u91d1\u6676<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>Andreas Wimmer, Why Nationalism Works: And Why It Isn’t Going Away, <\/span>Foreign Affairs, <\/span>2019<\/span>(98), 27-34<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u300a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u300b\uff08<\/span>Foreign Affairs<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>(Council on Foreign Affairs)<\/span>\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1922\u5e74\u3002\u6839\u636e2014\u5e74\u7684\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u6587\u62a5\u544a,\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a2.009\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7c7b\u522b\u768485\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f|<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Why Nationalism Works\uff1aAnd Why It Isn’t Going Away<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f|<\/p>\n

Andreas Wimmer<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\u3002\u5728\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f2\u76ee\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u540d\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u5927\u884c\u5176\u9053\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5168\u6587\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u6eaf\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u6392\u65a5\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u904d\u5e03\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5984\u56fe\u9006\u8f6c\u73b0\u6709<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u9053\u5fb7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u9ad8\u6b4c\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53d1\u8a93\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/span>\u514d\u53d7<\/span><\/span>\u5c11\u6570\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8005\u4eec\u5219\u575a\u6301\u5728\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u9a6c\u514b\u9f99\u6240\u8bf4<\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80cc\u53db<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f99\u3002\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8bba\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u90fd\u5c5e\u540c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8840\u7edf\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u51b3\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u754c\u9650\u7684\u52aa\u529b<\/span><\/span>\u5219<\/span><\/span>\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdc\u65b9\u8868\u4eb2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u4fe1\u5949\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u6761\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u77e5\u9053<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f7c\u6b64<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u662f<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63a7\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u738b\u671d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5ffd\u89c6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u610f\u613f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u88f9\u631f\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76db\u884c\u4e8e<\/span><\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u8fd8\u662f\u53f3\u7ffc\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u6761\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u7167\u5176\u4ed6<\/span><\/span>\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5728\u795e\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4ee5\u795e\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1b\u5728\u738b\u671d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u88ab\u5bb6\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u88ab\u67d0\u4e00\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f9d\u636e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5c06<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e49\u7f6e\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u4e88\u4ee5<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u68c0\u89c6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5ffd\u7565<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5176\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e<\/span><\/span>\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/span>\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f<\/span><\/span>\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u800c<\/span><\/span>\u5177<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u6027<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6613\u52a8\u5458\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5916\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u7406\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6784\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u51c6\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3c\u4e9a\u52a0\u62c9\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u91cd\u65b0\u5904\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
1
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 \u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u751f <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/span>1750<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u5e1d\u56fd\u5982\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u3002\u968f\u7740<\/span><\/span>1775<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u548c<\/span><\/span>1789<\/span>\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u6761<\/span><\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u672c\u56fd\u9010\u6e10\u4f20\u904d\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u89e3\u4f53\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u3002<\/span><\/span>16<\/span>\u81f3<\/span><\/span>18<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u65ad\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6743\u529b\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5145\u6ee1\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u591a\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4fc3\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u6536\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u636e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u636e\u6b64\u884c\u52a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3001\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u7a0e\u6536\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u6620\u5e76\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00. <\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bcc\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c. <\/span>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09.\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span>\u5927\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>
<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
2
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 \u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u597d\u5904 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u8fd9<\/span><\/span>\u4e4b\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7e41\u8363\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u90e8\u843d\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4<\/span><\/span>\u4e4b<\/span><\/span>\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u9650\u5236\u5728\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u76f8\u4e92\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u653f\u6cbb\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u4e92\u5e2e\u52a9\u5904\u4e8e\u56f0\u96be\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u66f4\u52a0\u76db\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 \u8840\u8165\u7684\u6807\u8bed <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5bf9\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5996\u9b54\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8bda\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u770b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u62ac\u5934\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e5f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5177\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6781\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6700\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u66b4\u529b\u662f\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u610f\u56fe\u8131\u79bb\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u548c\u6216\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4ece<\/span><\/span>1945<\/span>\u5e74\u8d77\u6709<\/span><\/span>31<\/span>\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u9971\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u79bb\u4e4b\u82e6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
4
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u5305\u5bb9\u4e0e\u6392\u65a5 <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5bfc\u81f4\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u66b4\u529b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5411\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u8f83\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u5206\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u88ab\u4ee3\u8868<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u745e\u58eb<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u662f\u88ab\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u6392\u65a5\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u56e2\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u56e2\u8d28\u7591\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7f3a\u5c11\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u52a8\u4e71\u751a\u81f3\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6784\u9020\u662f\u671d\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u5305\u5bb9\u8fd8\u662f\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u65e9\u5df2\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5305\u5bb9\u578b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1a\u5728\u957f\u671f\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u5b9e\u884c\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u76df\u8005\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u9886\u8896\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u5143\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u957f\u671f\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u91ce\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u65cf\u8054\u76df\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u5411\u591a\u5143\u6cbb\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u6709\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
5
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6784\u9020\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u6743\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u66f4\u96be\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u9700\u8981\u591a\u65b9\u52a9\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u957f\u671f\u653f\u7b56\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u52a8\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u5e94\u5f53\u52a0\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u635f\u5bb3\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u6d3e\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u758f\u79bb<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u548c\u6028\u6068\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u63a8\u8fdb\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u504f\u597d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1b\u786e\u4fdd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u540c\u80de\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u6709\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba3\u626c\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u5174\u548c\u8001\u724c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u95f4\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u91cd\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u8054\u76df<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6765<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u6559\u5316\u6c11\u4f17\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u8bd1\u8005\u7b80\u8bc4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b58\u5728\u5373\u662f\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u76db\u884c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u5e38\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u51fa\u53d1\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u4e3a\u4f55\u76db\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9762\u5bf9\u5b83\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5408\u4e4e\u5386\u53f2\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u6743\u5316\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u597d\u5904\u53c8\u4f7f\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u7eb3\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u7ec8\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u51c6\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5305\u5bb9\u578b\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u578b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u597d\u5904\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5176\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u907f\u514d\u5176\u8840\u8165\u9634\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u663e\u9732\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/a> 
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u9738\u6743\u7814\u7a763.0\u7248\uff1a\u9738\u6743\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8bba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\u7b49\uff1a\u91cd\u601d\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u504f\u89c1 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6536\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f18\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5357\u4e9a\u5bf9\u51b2\uff1a\u4e2d\u5370\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\u653f\u5e9c | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u3001\u65b0\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u8de8\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u6b27\u76df\u3001(\u8de8)\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u653f\u6cbb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f|<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3011\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f55\u6709\u6548\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e9a\u65af\u00b7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13594"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13594"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13600,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13594\/revisions\/13600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}