{"id":13555,"date":"2019-07-01T14:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/3169cad4a4\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:02:49","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:02:49","slug":"3169cad4a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/07\/01\/3169cad4a4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5f20 \u950b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u6d77\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u517c\u804c\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u674e \u6e90<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u65bd \u6995<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5218\u745b\u741b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2015, pages 197-218<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>The Chinese Journal of International Politics\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u4e3b\u529e<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u662f\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u6bcf\u5b63\u5ea6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u6db5\u76d6\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4e89\u7aef\u89e3\u51b3\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u53d8\u9769\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u520a\u5f15\u7528\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>1.312<\/span>\u3002<\/span>2017 <\/span>\u5e74\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a<\/span>1.813<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Confucian foreign policy traditions in Chinese history<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\"\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf<\/p>\n

\u5f20 \u950b<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u63a2\u7a76\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u5047\u5b9a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5f71\u54cd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u660e\u671d\uff08<\/span>1368-1644\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8bba\u8bc1\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5426\u662f\u660e\u671d\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e5f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf<\/p>\n

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\u6b63 \u6587<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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 \u865a\u6784\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u8bba <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u660e\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span>\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u79e6\u3001\u6c49\u3001\u5510\u3001\u660e\u3001\u6e05\u7b49\u671d\u4ee3\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6269\u5f20\u4e0e\u5f81\u670d\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5143\u3001\u6e05\u7b49\u5f02\u65cf<\/span>\u201c\u5f81\u670d\u738b\u671d\u201d\u7684\u201c\u7279\u957f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u79e6\u6c49\u5b8b\u660e\u7b49\u6c49\u65cf\u738b\u671d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u7530\u6ce2(Victoria Tin-bor Hui)<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u6269\u5f20\u6210\u4e3a\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u9646\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><\/span>\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u5177\u6709\u540c\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u5316\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f3a\u5236\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u63a7\u5236\u6210\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u738b\u671d\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u540c\u5316\u5468\u8fb9\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee5\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u8fdc\u5f81\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b<\/span>\u201c\u5931\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u653f\u6743\u53d1\u52a8\u201c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff0c<\/span>\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u6b66\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5de5\u5177<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u4e0e\u6c49\u5510\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u5173\u6ce8\u5148\u79e6\u4e0e\u6c49\u5510\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u4ece\u660e\u671d\u521d\u671f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u662f\u5426\u5305\u6db5\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5b8b\u671d\u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u660e\u521d\u6d2a\u6b66\u4e0e\u6c38\u4e50\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u6240\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u660e\u521d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u660e\u671d\u521d\u671f\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span>\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u9644\u5eb8\u4e0e\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6069\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\uff1a\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u9020\u52a8\u4e71\u80cc\u53db\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5112\u5bb6\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5373\u4f7f\u660e\u671d\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u6700\u540e\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u6216\u6b96\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u5468\u8fb9\u653f\u6743\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u5931\u5fb7\u201d\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u5e1d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u5177\u8fdb\u653b\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6096\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528<\/span>\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(Confucian punitivism)<\/span>\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u4e00\u9762\u6216\u8bb8\u8981\u597d\u4e8e\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5462\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u660e\u671d\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0e\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u5148\u79e6\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u5937\u201d\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u201c\u534e\u201d\u5e94\u50cf\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540c\u80de\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u53bb\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u8df5\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u5937\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7ba1\u7406\u201c\u5937\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u201d(ultimate mutability)<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u5937\u4eba\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6559\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\u5937\u4eba\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u7531\u4e8e\u8fbd\u3001\u91d1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e38\u7267\u653f\u6743\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5b8b\u671d\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba4\u6e05\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u51e0\u4e4e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5c4f\u969c\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7eaf\u6d01\u6027\u4e0e\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u514d\u906d\u5916\u6765\u4fb5\u8680<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c<\/span>\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u5148\u79e6\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b8b\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5206\u522b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u660e\u671d\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u660e\u671d\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u8499\u653f\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4e0e\u4ec7\u5916\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fc3\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4fc3\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u8870\u5f31\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5916\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6218\u7565\uff1a\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb<\/span>(exclusive idealpolitik)\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb<\/span>(exclusive realpolitik)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
4
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf\uff1a\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u540c\u6837\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fc3\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u6ca1\u6709\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4fc3\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/span>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u529b\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u660e\u671d\u521d\u671f\u6d2a\u6b66\u4e0e\u6c38\u4e50\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u660e\u521d\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4f53\u73b0<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u660e\u671d\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u6ca1\u6709\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u751f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>(relational condition)\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
5
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u89c2 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u89c2\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u89c2\u5ff5\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u534e\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u5937\u201d\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\uff0c\u628a\u5937\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6e38\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u5978\u8bc8\u7684\u3001\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u53cc\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u5c31\u5c06\u201c\u5937\u72c4\u4e4b\u6027\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728<\/span>\u201c\u534e\u201d\u201c\u5937\u201d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u522b\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u89c2\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49(protonationalism)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u5438\u6536\u548c\u540c\u5316\u5937\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u9010\u6b65\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u534e\u5937\u6709\u522b\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u89c2\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u6307\u660e\u4e00\u6761\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u201c\u5937\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u534e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u534e\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5012\u9000\u6ca6\u4e3a\u201c\u5937\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
6
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u8fea\u3002\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u9996\u5148\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u524d\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5112\u5bb6<\/span>\u201c\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(inclusive relationalism)<\/span>\u5927\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5176\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u6218\u7565\u65e8\u5728\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u5229\u4e92\u4fe1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u6218\u7565\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9053\u5fb7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4e92\u5229\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u4ec1\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>2012\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u8bdd\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u5199\u4e8e<\/span>2015<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u7565\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
7
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u7ed3 \u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u4ece\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/span>\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u6216\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6743\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5468\u8fb9\u653f\u6743\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u6392\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u89c2<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u30022012\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u8bdd\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5219\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u6218\u7565\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u8bd1\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e13\u9898\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u9057\u4ea7 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u909d\u4e91\u5cf0\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u671b | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/a> 
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5355\u6781\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u540e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u3011\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5434\u5efa\u6811\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u5747\u52bf\u3001\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u518d\u89e3\u8bfb<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3011\u5efa\u8bbe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3011\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6597\u4e89 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53cb\u8c0a\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5c06\u53cb\u8c0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u79fb\u6c11\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4f2a\u5584\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6551\u63f4 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u653f\u515a\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff08Party Strength and Economic Growth\uff09| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u3011\u5411\u9a8f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u201c\u9738\u6743\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u5230\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3011\u5f20\u950b\uff1a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f20\u7edf | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u5f20 \u950b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13555"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13555"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13561,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13555\/revisions\/13561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}