{"id":13466,"date":"2019-06-11T14:02:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/1909ef2e13\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:01:45","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:01:45","slug":"1909ef2e13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/06\/11\/1909ef2e13\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6770\u514b<\/span><\/strong>\u2022<\/span><\/strong>\u5510\u7eb3\u5229\uff08<\/span><\/strong>Jack Donnelly<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7ea6\u745f\u592b<\/span>\u2022\u79d1\u8d1d\u5c14\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u83b7\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6743\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8bb8\u6587\u5a77<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u624e\u897f\u65fa\u59c6\u3001\u5468\u96e8\u6f84\u3001\u9ad8\u5609\u7433<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u9ad8\u5609\u7433<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>European Journal of International Relations, January 2019, pp.1-27<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u671f\u520a\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u8054\u76df\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5e38\u8bbe\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08<\/span>SGIR\uff09\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u65d7\u8230\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u7531<\/span>SGIR\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<\/span>2017\u5e74\u8be5\u520a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>2.545\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d<\/span>12\/85\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u4e3a\u4f55\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Systems, levels, and structural theory: Waltz\u2019s theory is not a systemic theory (and why that matters for International Relations today)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u6770\u514b<\/span>\u2022\u5510\u7eb3\u5229\uff08<\/span>Jack Donnelly\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4ee5\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u2022\u6770\u7ef4\u65af\uff08<\/span>Robert Jervis\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6700\u5177\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u6e90\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u5374\u662f\u4e00<\/span><\/strong>\u5957<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6b64<\/span><\/strong>\u8f6c\u53d8<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong>\u53ca\u5176<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4e9b<\/span><\/strong>\u7279\u6b8a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca<\/span>\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba<\/span>\u201d\u6b63\u5728\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5ef6\u7eed\u7740<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span>\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f46\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u53d8\u9769\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5bf9\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e<\/span>\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7ea0\u6b63<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89e3\u6784\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u771f\u6b63\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

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\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u96c6\u5408 <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6839\u636e\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u5176<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u975e\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u679c<\/span>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u6807\u51c6\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u672f\u8bed<\/span><\/strong>\u5c42\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u533a\u5206\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u7d20\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4f53<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e8b\u7269\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53bb\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u679c<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8df3\u8131\u51fa\u5355\u7eaf\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u5355\u5143\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/span>\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff08<\/span>organisms\uff09\u4e0e\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\uff08<\/span>assemblages\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u4e2d\u5404\u8981\u7d20\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u800c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u8981\u7d20\u5219\u6709\u7740\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3001\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5fc3\u810f\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u56e2\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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 \u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5143 <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5728\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6784\u6210<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<\/span><\/span>\u4e09\u5904<\/span><\/strong>\u6709<\/span><\/strong>\u5077\u6362\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e3e<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd<\/span>\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684<\/span>\u201d\u88ab\u540d\u8bcd<\/span>\u201c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u5c06\u6982\u5ff5\u7269\u5316\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u65e0\u7279\u5f81\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u67d0\u4e00\u5177\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5b89\u6392\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\uff08<\/span>actions\uff09\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3<\/span>\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5355\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6784\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u6709\u7740\u6388\u6743\u4e43\u81f3\u5efa\u6784\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5404<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6027\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u5f97\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u5e76\u975e\u4ed6\u6240<\/span><\/strong>\u58f0\u79f0<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5957<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u5173<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 \u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c<\/span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u300a\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89<\/span><\/strong>\u300b\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong>\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c42\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08<\/span>complexity\uff09\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<\/span>organization\uff09\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>spatial scale\uff09\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u96c6\u5408\uff08<\/span>social aggregation\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u5c42\u6b21<\/span>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u5373\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u53c8<\/span>\u751f\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a<\/span>\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u624d\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4e0d\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u56e0\u679c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6216\u878d\u5408\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5c42\u6b21<\/span>\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u5143\u7d20\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u89e3\u91ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6700\u521d\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span>–\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>–\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u5176\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65<\/span><\/span>\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e<\/span>\u5c06<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e00\u7c7b\u6765\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
4
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 \u771f\u6b63\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6 <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7b14\u950b\u4e00\u8f6c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u771f\u6b63\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u505a\u4f55\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u9610\u91ca\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148<\/span><\/strong>\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08<\/span><\/strong>systems of structured relations<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c\u5851\u9020\u548c\u63a8\u52a8<\/span>\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6<\/span><\/span>\u53ea<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e2d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6a21\u62df<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u800c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u6027<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5851\u9020<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\u201c\u63a8\u52a8<\/span>\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ea6\u675f\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5c42\u6b21<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>levels of organization<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/span>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba<\/span>–\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>–\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u80fd\u591f<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>agent-structure problem<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u80fd\u52a8\u8005<\/span>\u201d\u662f\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u800c<\/span>\u201c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u201d\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\u201c\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u800c\u975e\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6216\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5e94\u5f53\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u5176\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u90fd\u65e2\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u4f55\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
5
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 \u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u201d <\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005<\/span>\u4ece<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u4e24\u4e2a<\/span><\/strong>\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u4e5f\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u6027\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684<\/span>\u201d\uff08<\/span>Reductionist Approach\uff09\u548c<\/span>\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027<\/span>\u201d\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/span>\u201d(reductionism in a weaker sense)\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u56fd\u9645\u73b0\u8c61\u5355\u5143\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u5143<\/span>\u201d\u548c<\/span>\u201c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\u201d\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684<\/span>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u628a<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span>\u201d\u548c<\/span>\u201c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span>\u201d\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u8c08\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6c83<\/span><\/strong>\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u628a<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong>\u6027\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u548c<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/strong>\u63a9\u76d6<\/span><\/strong>\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u800c\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14<\/span><\/strong>\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u5176<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u5f53<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u53ea\u8003\u8651<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5176\u65e2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u8bb2<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\u201d\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u6784\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6784\u6210\u5176\u8981\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u91c7\u53d6<\/span><\/strong>\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5e94\u5f53<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u628a<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5b64\u7acb\u6765\u770b<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4ee5\u4f5c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7406\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b64\u7acb\u67d0\u4e00\u8c03\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u62c6\u6563\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u50cf\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u4f18\u96c5\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u7f8e\u5b66<\/span><\/strong>\u504f\u597d<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u628a<\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u7b80\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u63a8\u5411\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d<\/span>\u201c\u590d\u6742<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177<\/span>\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027<\/span>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u504f\u597d\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0a<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u5f53\u4eff\u6548\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u5f53<\/span>\u201c\u53bb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7269\u7406\u822c\u7684\u601d\u7ef4<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6070\u597d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5df2\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u9610\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6709<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e0d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u53d8<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6210\u7acb<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u524d\u63d0\uff0c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u8fd9<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e00\u9884\u8bbe\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5c31<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4ee5<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u5206\u79bb\u4e86<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\u201d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u82d7\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8c08\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64<\/span>\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9<\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u4f53<\/span><\/strong>\u5404<\/span><\/strong>\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u4e00\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u5355\u72ec\u89e3\u91ca\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
6
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u56fd\u5bb6<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f<\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u5730<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u4ece<\/span><\/strong>\u90e8\u5206\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982<\/span>\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4ece<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u6e90\u5934\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u4e91\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u751a\u81f3\u8ba9\u4ed6<\/span>\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u201c\u73af\u5883<\/span>\u201d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u73af\u5883\u6027\u7684\u800c\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u662f\u73af\u5883\u6027\u800c\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u662f\u5728\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u5730\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u5916\u90e8<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u975e\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
7
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u7ed3\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u653e\u5f03\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u5b83<\/span><\/strong>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd<\/span><\/strong>\u9014\u5f84<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u300a\u4eba\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u53ea\u662f\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u6240\u575a\u6301\u4e0e\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c<\/span>\u4ed6<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e00<\/span><\/strong>\u5957<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u7531\u5916\u800c\u5185\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8bf4\u8db3\u591f\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\u201d\u800c\u8a00\u5df2\u7136\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
8
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
 \u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u56de\u5f52 <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u65e0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u56de\u5f52\u5230<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u6700\u521d<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u613f\u666f\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5524\u8d77\u4e86\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u4e14\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>relationalism<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u5176<\/span><\/strong>\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>substantialism<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u6216<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>essentialism<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u5bf9\u7acb<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\u4e0e\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u66f4\u5f00\u653e\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u662f<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u8bf4<\/span><\/strong>(Network theory)<\/span><\/strong>\u4e0e\u573a\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>(Field theory)<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u5173\u8054\u6027\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6574\u4f53<\/span>–\u90e8\u5206\uff08<\/span>wholes-parts\uff09\u548c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>–\u5b9e\u8d28<\/span>(relations-substances)\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5168\u6587\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u4e5f<\/span><\/strong>\u5fc5\u987b<\/span><\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb<\/span><\/strong>\u5728<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u88ab\u8054\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u7a7a\u8c08\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002<\/span>\u800c\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d2c\u4f4e\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u5c06<\/span><\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/strong>\u6c83\u5c14\u5179<\/span><\/strong>\u66fe<\/span><\/strong>\u627f\u8bfa\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u5f00<\/span><\/strong>\u521b<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u591a\u5143\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u9996\u53d1<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/a> 
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u3011\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf-\u5355\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c1934\u5e74\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3011\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\uff1a\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u514b\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224\u3011\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u6770\u514b\u2022\u5510\u7eb3\u5229<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13466"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13466"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13474,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13466\/revisions\/13474"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}