{"id":13427,"date":"2019-06-06T14:02:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/fc1d54925a\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:01:17","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:01:17","slug":"fc1d54925a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/06\/06\/fc1d54925a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>Andrea Binder<\/span>\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\uff08<\/span>Department of Politics and International Studies<\/span>\uff09\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u517c\u804c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u5728\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u8521<\/span> \u5b87<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u5f90\u579a\u665f\u3001\u5218\u745b\u741b\u3001\u65bd<\/span> <\/span>\u6995<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u6768<\/span> <\/span>\u6d0b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>Andrea Binder. (2019), All exclusive: the politics of offshore finance in Mexico, <\/span>Review of International Political Economy<\/em>, 26\uff082\uff09,313-336<\/span>, DOI:<\/span>10.1080\/09692290.2019.1567571<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>Review of International Political Economy<\/span>\uff08<\/span>RIPE<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u671f\u520a\u3002\u8be5\u6742\u5fd7\u9f13\u52b1\u4ee5\u8de8\u56fd\u522b\u3001\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u8de8\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u89d2\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c<\/span>2017<\/span>\u5e74\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u8fbe<\/span>2.532<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

All Exclusive: The Politics of Offshore Finance in Mexico<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n

Andrea Binder<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.gppi.net\/team\/andrea-binder<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d<\/span>(offshore finance)\u6307\u8bbe\u5728\u67d0\u56fd\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u8be5\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u5236\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u8be5\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u6cd5\u89c4\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u878d\u901a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6743\u8d35\u9636\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u8282\u7701\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u9003\u907f\u7ba1\u5236\u548c\u6d17\u94b1\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u9760\u8fd1\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53d7\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u672c\u5e94\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u97e6\u4f2f\u5f0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u4e0e\u7a0e\u6536\u5927\u6237\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u4e14\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f7f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5bcc\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u6d17\u94b1\u6216\u907f\u7a0e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8be5\u7ed3\u8bba\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>1 \u6587\u7ae0\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8bd1\u8005\u81ea\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b63\u6587<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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1
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 <\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5bfc\u8a00<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u51cf\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u653f\u7b56\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff1b\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u6b21\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u5bcc\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e38\u5e38\u501f\u7528\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7a0e\u6536\u6700\u5c11\u5316\uff0c\u9003\u907f\u56fd\u5185\u91d1\u878d\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u6216\u4ece\u4e8b\u6d17\u94b1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u9ad8\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u8150\u8d25\u7387\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u9760\u8fd1\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u8150\u8d25\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u6bd7\u90bb\u5168\u7403\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ecf\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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2
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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u201c\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Contested concepts\uff1aoffshore finance and state power<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u7a76<\/span>\u201c\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u5398\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e3b\u8981\u6307<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Offshore financial service<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u6309\u7167\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u6743\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u97e6\u4f2f\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u7a0e\u6536<\/span>(taxation)\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1<\/span>(banking)<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e8c\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u5927\u591a\u4ece\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5374\u9c9c\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u5173\u6ce8\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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3
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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u6ee5\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The limited uses and abuses of offshore finance<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6e05\u7b97\u94f6\u884c\u4e0e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5546\u754c\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6982\u62ec\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c01\u95ed\u3001\u8fdc\u79bb\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u672c\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u5360\u672c\u56fd<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5374\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4ec5\u5360<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u603b\u989d\u7684<\/span>0.04%<\/span>\u81f3<\/span>0.2% \u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f00\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u4e0e\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u8fdc\u8fd1\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
4
<\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a\u7a0e\u6536\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Power without plenty\uff1ataxation and banking<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u5e38\u9009\u62e9\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6982\u62ec\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u6790\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.1 \u5386\u53f2\u6839\u6e90<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u56de\u987e\u4e86<\/span>1877\u5e74\u81f3<\/span>2000<\/span>\u5e74\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6bd4\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u88681 <\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u6ce2\u83f2\u5229\u5965\u00b7<\/span>\u8fea\u4e9a\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081877-1911<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u7ed3\u6210\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u8d44\u627f\u5305\u56fd\u5185\u6cb9\u6c14\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u589e\u7a0e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e00\u4e3e\u6446\u8131\u503a\u52a1\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9769\u547d\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081910-1920<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u77ff\u85cf\u5f81\u7a0e\u6cd5\u589e\u7a0e\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u4e00\u5ea6\u5360\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u515a\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\uff08PRI<\/span>\uff09\uff08<\/span>1928-1997<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u8fea\u4e9a\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u6cb9\u6c14\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u5916\u8d44\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c1982<\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u6cb9\u4ef7\u5927\u8dcc\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u653e\u79c1\u4eba\u6d6e\u606f\u7968\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u5c06\u56fd\u5185\u94f6\u884c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5916\u6d41\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u534f\u8c03\u6d77\u5916\u94f6\u884c\u4e0e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79c1\u4eba\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u501f\u8d37\u65b9\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u4ece\u51c0\u5b58\u6b3e\u65b9\u53d8\u4e3a\u51c0\u501f\u6b3e\u65b9\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u6b27\u6d32\u7f8e\u5143\uff08<\/span>Eurodollar<\/span>\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1994\u5e74\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6bd4\u7d22\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5143\u5927\u5e45\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7f8e\u5143\u8d37\u6b3e\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u6b21\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u94f6\u884c\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7834\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/span>\u8bd1\u8005\u81ea\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\u540e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u6743\u66f4\u8fed\uff0c\u798f\u514b\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u51c6\u5165\u95e8\u69db\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4ece\u4e00\u515a\u6267\u653f\u5230\u591a\u515a\u6267\u653f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u9003\u4e0d\u5f00\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 \u5f53\u4ee3\u5f62\u6001<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u6267\u653f\u515a\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u800c\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u53c2\u653f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5916\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u9a7b\u4f7f\u5f97\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u94f6\u884c\u65e0\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5916\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u9700\u7531\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u7f8e\u5143\u8ba1\u4ef7\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u4ee5\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6bd4\u7d22\u8ba1\u4ef7\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f<\/span>OECD\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7a0e\u6536\u5360<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u5411\u56fd\u5916\u53d1\u653e\u56fd\u503a\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5411\u56fd\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u53d1\u653e\u56fd\u503a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5982\u56fe<\/span>3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u4e0d\u9700\u8fdb\u5165\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u5e02\u573a\u5373\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u878d\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u91d1\u7ed3\u7b97\u7684\u9752\u7750\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u89c4\u6a21\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
5
<\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u503a\u52a1\u5851\u9020\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tax and debt make the state<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u542f\u793a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5851\u9020\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u63a2\u7a76\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u547d\u9898\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u56fd\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79c1\u4eba\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5229\u76ca\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u7968\u503e\u5411\u3001\u653f\u4f53\u79cd\u7c7b\u7b49\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u52df\u96c6\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e89\u53d6\u4e2d\u95f4\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u9664\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5b9a\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0e\u6536\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u79bb\u5cb8\u878d\u8d44\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u7a0e\u6536\u4e0e\u503a\u52a1\u4e8c\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b0\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u989d\u62c5\u4fdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5f81\u7a0e\u524d\u63d0\u524d\u91c7\u53d6\u8d22\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u6cb9\u6c14\u884c\u4e1a\u626e\u6f14\u7740<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>
<\/p>\n

\n
\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
6
<\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/span>\u7ed3 \u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u53d1\u884c\u503a\u52a1\u800c\u975e\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4ee5\u5916\u6765\u94f6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f7f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u5883\u5916\u878d\u8d44\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u8d8a\u4f4e<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u547d\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8f6c\u800c\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6784\u6210\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u501f\u503a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6bd4\u7d22\u8ba1\u4ef7\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u4f4e\u7a0e\u8d1f\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65e0\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u5883\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u5373\u53ef\u907f\u7a0e\u548c\u6d17\u94b1\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u94f6\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u79bb\u5cb8\u878d\u8d44\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u5c06\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u5173\u7cfb(government-financier)<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb(government- taxpayer)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5143\u8ba1\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cb9\u4ef7\u7684\u6da8\u843d\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5ffd\u89c6\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u53d7\u5c01\u95ed\u4e14\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5bcc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u5c06\u6020\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u9996\u53d1<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51b2\u7a81\u7814\u7a76\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e1d\u8def\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89d2 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u3011\u5f20\u52c7\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u534f\u5546 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

\"\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\"<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010IPE\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5708\u5b50\uff1a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79bb\u5cb8\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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