{"id":13395,"date":"2019-05-30T14:02:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/c52e58c5f8\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T17:00:51","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:00:51","slug":"c52e58c5f8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/05\/30\/c52e58c5f8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728<\/p>\n


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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\uff08<\/span>Margaret MacMillan<\/span>\uff09\uff1a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u7f14\u9020\u548c\u5e73\u300b\u65a9\u83b7\u4e86\u8fbe\u592b<\/span>\u2022<\/span>\u5e93\u73c0\u6770\u4f5c\u5956\u3001\u897f\u585e\u5c14\u63d0\u5c14\u66fc\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u5956\u3001\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14<\/span>\u2022<\/span>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u975e\u865a\u6784\u7c7b\u6770\u4f5c\u5956\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u5956\u9879\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u664b \u7389<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6821\u5bf9\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u9ec4\u8fd0\u6d9b\uff0c\u90a2\u620e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6838\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u4e01\u4f1f\u822a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

International Affairs<\/span><\/em>, Volume 95, Issue 1, January<\/span> <\/span>2019, Pages181\u2013200, <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ia\/iiy238<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u300b\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u6d41\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u3002\u672c\u520a\u4e8e<\/span>1992<\/span>\u5e74\u7531\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u67e5\u5854\u59c6\u5b66\u9662<\/span>(Chatham House)<\/span>\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u56ca\u62ec\u4e1a\u5185\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u65b0\u79c0\u5bf9\u91cd\u70b9\u3001\u70ed\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002\u622a\u81f3<\/span>2017<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u671f\u520a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>2.952<\/span>\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c<\/span>8<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The uses of history in international society: from the Paris peace conference to the present<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728<\/p>\n

Margaret MacMillan<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u5408\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u201c\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u63a8\u6d4b\u672a\u6765<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7528\u9014\u3002\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6765\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u9886\u571f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\uff08<\/span>restitution<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u3010<\/span><\/span>\u6ce8\uff1a\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/span>\u3011<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u7406\u7531\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u88ab<\/span><\/span>\u7528\u4f5c<\/span><\/span>\u653f\u6743\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff08<\/span>legitimate source of authority \/ source of legitimate authority\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1f\u53c8\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6<\/span>……\uff08<\/span>If history<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>then whose history<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>why and how<\/span>\uff1f\uff09\u4f5c\u8005\u867d\u7136\u6307\u51fa\u5b58\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6295\u673a\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u5730\u6ee5\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ecd\u76f8\u4fe1\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u5e76\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c3d\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u9762\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u603b\u7ed3\u5386\u53f2\u89c4\u5f8b\u4ee5\u671f\u63ed\u79d8\u672a\u6765\u3002\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u5f17\u5229\u5c31\u6301\u6709\u6b64\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u6b64\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\u80fd\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u501f\u9274\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u7136\u800c<\/span>\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u8bad<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7528\u9014\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u770b\u6cd5\uff09\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5ba1\u8bae\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u3010<\/span><\/span>\u8bd1\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u5904\u4f5c\u8005\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\uff08\u6784\u6210\u8bf4\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4<\/span><\/span>(recognition of state)<\/span>\u662f\u6307\u65e2\u5b58\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u3011<\/span><\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ece\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u5bf9\u6bd4\u63a2\u7a76<\/span>100\u5e74\u524d\uff08\u4e00\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff09\u548c\u8fd1\u671f\uff08\u51b7\u6218\u548c\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span>1.<\/span><\/strong>\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u9886\u571f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u57fa\u7840\uff1b<\/span>2.\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u7406\u7531<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e24\u79cd<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u65b0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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1
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\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c1919<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u591a\u6570<\/span><\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/span>\u56e0\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u6c99\u7687\u4fc4\u56fd\u3001\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7b49\u65e7\u5e1d\u56fd<\/span><\/span>\u7684<\/span><\/span>\u5d29\u6e83<\/span><\/span>\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9886\u571f\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u5411\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u624d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u867d\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u975e\u9886\u571f\u7c7b\u7684\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span><\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u76df\u519b\u8981\u6c42\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u6761\u6b3e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u4ece\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u628a\u5f81\u670d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u571f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u571f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u9010\u6e10\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u62c9\u5f00\u5e8f\u5e55\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e3a\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u88ab\u5e1d\u56fd\u5265\u524a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u88ab\u5e1d\u56fd\u63a0\u593a\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7d27\u5bc6\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u4e89\u53d6\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u5728<\/span><\/span>\u8d62\u5f97<\/span><\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u501f\u52a9\u5386\u53f2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e3a\u8bba\u8c03\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8d62\u5f97\u6539\u9769\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u65f6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5386\u53f2\u4ecd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u65f6\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u5efa\u56fd\u9645\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u571f\u8fb9\u754c\u5185<\/span><\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u65f6\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u7ed3 \u8bba<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/span><\/span>\u9664\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5916\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728<\/span>1919\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u66fe\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5f20\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u571f\u548c\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u524d\u79cd<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7528\u6cd5\u8f83\u591a\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u8f83\u591a\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u70b9\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bba\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5916\u4ea4\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5386\u53f2<\/span>\u201c\u8bba\u8bc1<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u786e\u5b9e\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<\/span><\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u65b0<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7528\u6cd5\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u53ca\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5982\u6b64\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08<\/span>accepted forms of authority\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u7acb\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u5207\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u4f1a\u53bb\u8fd0\u7528\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u5386\u53f2\uff1b\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bba\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u5f85\u5546\u69b7\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8bba\u8bc1\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bba\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81f3\u4eca\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\uff08<\/span><\/span>That much was true in 1919, and it remains true in 2019<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u5207\u5bf9<\/span><\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c3d\u91cf\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u5386\u53f2\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u9762\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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\u672c\u6587\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u72ec\u5bb6\u7f16\u8bd1\u9996\u53d1<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5948\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5230\u7279\u6717\u666e | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u63a8\u8350\u3011\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u8d5e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u8fd0\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1f| \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u3011\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
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<\/section>\n
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\"\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u767e\u5e74\u56fd\u5173\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5230\u73b0\u5728 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u9ea6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13395"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13395"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13401,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13395\/revisions\/13401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}