{"id":13192,"date":"2019-05-03T14:02:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T08:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/a488ef9cfc\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T16:45:11","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T08:45:11","slug":"a488ef9cfc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/05\/03\/a488ef9cfc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n

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\u7b80  \u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><\/strong>\u00b7<\/strong>\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>John Mearsheimer<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/span>\u65e5\uff0d\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7f57\u5170<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u6e29\u5fb7\u5c14<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u6770\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u6559\u6388\uff08<\/span>R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u7f16\u8bd1\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u6731\u6587\u83e1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u5ba1\u6821\u3011<\/span><\/strong>\u4e01\u4f1f\u822a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mearsheimer, J.J., Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order. International Security, 2019. 43(4): p. 7-50. <\/span>Posted Online April 29, 2019.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a9 2019 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u671f\u520a\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u300b\uff08<\/span>International Security\uff09\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u9876\u7ea7\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e<\/span>1976\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d1d\u5c14\u5f17\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>(Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University)\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>(MIT Press)\u6bcf\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u56db\u6b21\u3002<\/span>2017\u5e74\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a<\/span>4.135\uff0c\u5728<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\u201d\u7c7b\u522b\u7684<\/span>85\u79cd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c<\/span>2\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/span><\/strong>\u00b7<\/span><\/strong>\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span>John Mearsheimer<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u6307\u51fa<\/span>2019<\/span>\u5e74\u662f\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u5e74\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u79e9\u5e8f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u8584\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff08<\/span>a thin international order<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u539a\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\u201d <\/span>\uff08<\/span>two thick bounded orders<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u7531\u5927\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u540c\u610f\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6709\u6548\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u8981\u4e48\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u91cd\u5199\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/span>\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5927\u56fd\u4ee5\u9002\u5408\u5927\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u5f31\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u7c7b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u4ece\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08<\/span><\/strong>international orders<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u548c\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08<\/span><\/strong>bounded orders<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5206\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e24\u6781\u548c\u591a\u6781\u683c\u5c40\uff1b\u800c\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5355\u6781\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79e9\u5e8f\u5c06\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u5236\u5ea6\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u517c\u5177\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u539a\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>thick order<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f<\/span><\/strong>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8584\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08<\/span><\/strong>thin order<\/span><\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
3
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u68b3\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u548c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/strong>80<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u82cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span><\/strong>90<\/span><\/strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u4eca\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u3002<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u52bf\u529b\u5747\u8861\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5d29\u6e83\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u4ee5\u82cf\u8054\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u79e9\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u51b7\u6218\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8584\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51b7\u6218\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u5230\u6765\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4ece\u8001\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u5230\u6bd4\u5c14\u514b\u6797\u987f\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u63a8\u5e7f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u6709\u754c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728<\/span>20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<\/span>90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u8363\u3002\u5317\u7ea6\u4e1c\u6269\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e5f\u79ef\u6781\u878d\u5165<\/span>WTO<\/span>\u7b49\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u6d88\u9664\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a8\u52a8\u5927\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d8\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u798f\u5c71\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f<\/span> \u201c<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3<\/span>\u201d <\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4ece<\/span>2005<\/span>\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u8d77\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u9047\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5965\u65af\u9646\u548c\u5e73\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e71\u5c40\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u81ea<\/span>2006<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u8f6f\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u5185\u5305\u542b\u7740\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
4
<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/strong>\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u8be5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u653f\u6743\u66f4\u8fed\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e5f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u666e\u904d\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f20\u64ad\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6781\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0b\u964d\u6216\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u4ee5\u53ca\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u6b27\u5143\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u6682\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7834\u574f\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5168\u7403\u6743\u529b\u5747\u52bf\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5355\u6781\u683c\u5c40\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u590d\u5174\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u591a\u6781\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e27\u949f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u591a\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1a\u8584\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u539a\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u8584\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f1a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u519b\u5907\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u4e8c\u8005\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u79e9\u5e8f\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u4e3b\u5bfc\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9694\u7edd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d38\u6613\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u65e2\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u4e5f\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u53ea\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u671f\u6fc0\u70c8\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u800c\u4e9a\u6d32\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\uff08AIIB\uff09\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u82e6\u5fc3\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u62b5\u5236\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6743\u6765\u5f3a\u884c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f20\u64ad\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u529b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u4ece\u4e8b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5982\u6b64\u70ed\u5207\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u62b5\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u5bf9\u6784\u6210\u65b0\u5174\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5fc5\u987b\u963b\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u83b7\u53d6\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6709\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u5317\u7ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u76df\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u6311\u62e8\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u673a\u6784\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5b98\u7f51\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The MIT Press<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u3011ISQ\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u627f\u8ba4\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u6cd5 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
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\u3010\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3011\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u5173\uff1f  | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
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\u3010\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3011IO\u6742\u5fd7\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6311\u6218 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a>
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\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/strong>\uff08ID\uff1aguozhengxueren)<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4eba\u53ca\u65f6\u9605\u8bfb\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6587\u7ae0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u522b\u5fd8\u628a\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u661f\u6807<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u54e6~<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a\u3010\u91cd\u78c5\u901f\u9012\u3011\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5174\u8870 | \u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b80  \u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011 \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13192"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13192"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13200,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13192\/revisions\/13200"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}