{"id":12793,"date":"2018-12-21T14:46:30","date_gmt":"2018-12-21T06:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2019\/12\/30\/612d42c3e6\/"},"modified":"2019-12-30T12:03:46","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T04:03:46","slug":"612d42c3e6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/2018\/12\/21\/612d42c3e6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 558px;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word;min-height: 17px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;line-height: 29.75px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-stretch: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\"        style=\"max-width: 558px;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: transparent;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress10-1577678034.gif\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);text-align: justify;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 15px 6px;padding: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0em 0em 0.8em;overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;padding: 0.1em 0.1em 0em;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;text-align: center;color: rgb(29, 92, 105);transform: rotate(0deg);background: rgb(163, 48, 48);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section    style=\"margin-top: -0.2em;margin-left: -1px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(99, 23, 9);width: 82.5938px;height: 1px;border-top-width: 0.3em;border-top-style: solid;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;transform: rotate(-3deg) !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"padding: 0.5em 0.8em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u7b80 &nbsp;\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -1em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-top: 1em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: auto;height: auto;line-height: 1.4em;overflow: hidden;font-size: 1em;border-top: 0.1em dashed rgb(163, 48, 48);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section  style=\"padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;text-indent: 25px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: &#39;Songti SC&#39;;line-height: 130%;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;\">\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;text-indent: 28px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;\">\u6bdb\u7ef4\u51c6\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e9a\u592a\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;\">\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;letter-spacing: 0.54px;\">\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c12\u671f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;\">\u3010\u7f16\u8f91\u3011<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;text-indent: 28px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;\">\u9648\u4e3d<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section  class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 2em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-top: 0.5em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-style: solid none none;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(166, 166, 166);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: -1.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.4;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span class=\"\"  style=\"padding: 8px 23px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(183, 184, 184);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;background-color: rgb(175, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u5185 \u5bb9 \u63d0 \u8981<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;line-height: 150%;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 29px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-family: &#39;Songti SC&#39;;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 2em;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 32px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ca\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u56e0\u679c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df2\u903e\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63a2\u8ba8\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5143\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u4ef6<\/span>( \u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u5ba2<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f53\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u4fbf\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u6784; \u8be5<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6\u6db5\u62ec\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u5ba2\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>( \u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0e\u89d2\u8272<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>) \u7b49\u591a\u5143\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec6\u5316\u4e3a\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u768414 \u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7ec6\u5316<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>( \u6743\u529b\u3001\u5236\u5ea6<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7b49<\/span>) \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u521d\u6b65\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u5e94\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u9762\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u5316\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u6846\u67b6\u53ca\u884d\u751f\u547d\u9898\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section   style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 2em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;padding-top: 0.5em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-style: solid none none;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);font-size: 1em;font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;color: rgb(166, 166, 166);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: -1.2em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;line-height: 1.4;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span  style=\"padding: 8px 23px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(183, 184, 184);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: inherit;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;background-color: rgb(175, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u5173 \u952e \u8bcd<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u7c7b\u578b\u5b66; \u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027; \u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148; \u89d2\u8272\u627f\u62c5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 32px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;text-align: justify;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px 0px 1px 10px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-left-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-right-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u8bae\u9898\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u4e1a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u5c55\u671b\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u81ea<\/span>2005 \u5e74\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u526f\u56fd\u52a1<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u537f\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u4f50\u5229\u514b(Robert B. Zoellick) \u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u626e\u6f14\u201c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u201d\u8a00<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u8bba\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u4fbf\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u3002<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5927\u56fd\u6216\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e5f\u6301\u7eed\u5347\u6e29\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u65f6\u6bb7\u5f18\u89c6<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002&nbsp;2012 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6362\u5c4a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u65b9\u9762\u66f4<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728<\/span>2013 \u5e74\u6307\u51fa: \u201c\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u5728\u529b<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/span>\u201d2015 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516b\u5c4a\u4e94\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u9c9c\u660e\u5730<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bfc\u5411\u5fc5\u5c06\u63a8\u52a8\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u5927\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u9886\u57df<\/span>( \u89c1\u56fe1) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u201c\u8d1f\u8d23<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4efb\u4e3b\u6743<\/span>\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress0-1577678034.jpg\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bae\u9898\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u8bae\u9898\u201d\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u542b\u6df7\u7279\u5f81\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u62d3\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u5185\u6db5\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u672f\u8bed\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u4e14\u6781\u5177\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0<\/span>\u201c\u5145\u6ee1\u5206\u6b67\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u786e\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u54f2\u5b66\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7279\u6027\u660e\u663e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bae\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u5b66\u672f\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u65f6\u5c45\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a9\u4e4b\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9971\u53d7\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f0a\u5c3c\u65af<\/span>\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7( Inis L. Claude,&nbsp;Jr.) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u5173<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6ce8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7406\u8bba\u867d\u7136\u4f1a\u8c08\u53ca\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5374<\/span>\u201c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec7\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u672a\u7adf\u4e4b\u4e8b\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u542b\u6df7\u3001\u7ef4\u5ea6\u591a\u5143\u3001\u53d8\u5316\u591a\u7aef\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u590d\u6742\u4ee5\u53ca\u51b2\u7a81\u5185\u7f6e\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u5165\u624b\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u7cca\u4e2d\u5265\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>2005 \u5e74\u4f50\u5229\u514b\u8a00<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8bba\u50ac\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21<\/span>\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u8bba\u201d\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u7c7b\u578b\u5256\u6790\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6574\u7406\u4e0e\u7cbe\u7ec3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u8bc4\u8ff0\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c; \u7136<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u591a\u5143\u89d2\u5ea6\u6784\u5efa\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;text-align: justify;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px 0px 1px 10px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-left-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-right-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 28px;white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u505a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5927\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5229<\/span>\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14( Hedley Bull) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u5173\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u7ef4<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6301\u5b9e\u529b\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u7ba1\u63a7\u5f7c\u6b64\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u64cd\u7eb5\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u754c\u5b9a\u5f7c\u6b64\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u5927\u56fd\u534f\u8c03\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u76df\u56fd\u3001\u6297\u51fb\u5916\u90e8\u654c\u4eba\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u56fd\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76<\/span>\u201c\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u201d\u5730\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d1f\u8d23\u7b49\u3002\u2463&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b9e\u529b\u3001\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u65af<\/span>\u00b7\u743c\u65af( Bruce Jones) \u3001\u5361\u6d1b\u65af\u00b7\u5e15\u65af\u5938\u5c14( Carlos Pascual) \u4e0e\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u66fc( Stephen Stedman) \u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u6838\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u3001\u53cd\u6050\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7ef4\u548c\u3001<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u4ed6\u56fd\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53<\/span>\u00b7\u6c49\u5f17<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u83b1\u65af<\/span>( Adam Humphreys) \u4e0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u8d6b\u91cc\u5c14( Andrew Hurrell) \u4e5f\u5c06\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u653e\u5728\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u79e9\u5e8f\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u56fd\u95f4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u78cb\u5546\u3001\u63a5\u7eb3\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>\u201c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\u6f5c\u5728\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5728\u5730\u533a\u4e0e\u8bae\u9898\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u4ece\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span>( \u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u8eab) \u6765\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8096\u6b22\u5bb9\u5c06\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u672c\u571f\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u5730\u533a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5510\u4e16\u5e73\u4e0e\u5f20\u8574\u5cad\u5728\u5730\u533a\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u7eb3\u5165\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5218\u5b8f\u677e\u5c06\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5218\u9e23\u5c06\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u672c\u56fd\u72ed\u9698\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f8b\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u627f\u62c5\u4e0e\u4f9d\u4ece\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u70ed\u70b9\u548c\u53cc\u8fb9\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u90a2\u60a6\u4e0e\u8a79\u5955\u5609\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u79e9\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5468\u946b\u5b87\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5206\u6790\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>( \u9075\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303) \u3001\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb( \u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303) \u4e0e\u9886\u8896\u8d23\u4efb( \u9769\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303) \uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5c55\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5468\u65b9\u94f6\u5219\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u5b66\u8005\u6323\u8131<\/span>\u201c\u5927\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba8\u8bba\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u900a( Robert H\uff0e Jackson) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u6743<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u529b\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a<\/span>\u201c\u6700\u663e\u8457\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u4e49\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u7b49\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6770\u514b\u900a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u56db\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d: \u4e00\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u5185\u5e76\u201c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u798f\u5229\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a<\/span>\u201c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u201c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u56db\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5168\u7403\u516c\u57df\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u524d\u4e09\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e09\u5927\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba: \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u9769<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u547d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u7403\u516c\u57df\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c\u5730\u7403\u5065\u5eb7( health of the planet) \u201d\u6240\u62e5\u6709<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u3002\u725b\u6d77\u5f6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8bba\u5927\u56fd\u5c0f\u56fd\u90fd\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5510\u660a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u56fd\u201d\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u8d1f\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6881\u51ef\u97f3\u5c06\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u8ddf\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u9075\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u800c\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u8ba4\u9053\u4e49\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u674e\u4e1c\u71d5\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u65b9\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u804c\u6743\u4e0e\u5171\u540c<\/span>\/\u96c6\u4f53\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u3002\u9ad8\u98de\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u300a\u8054<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4ee5\u8d23\u4efb\u754c\u5b9a\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6bdb\u7ef4\u51c6\u5219\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u53d8\u8fc1\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f26\u7406\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u4f26\u7406\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0e\u5173\u6000\u4f26\u7406\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u5173\u6ce8\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u8bae\u9898\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u4f9d\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u66f4\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u6216\u5355\u7ef4\u5206\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6db5\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u674e\u5b9d\u4fca\u4e0e\u5f90\u6b63\u6e90\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5426\u3002\u5f20\u9aa5\u4e0e\u5eb7\u6587\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u9053\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3001\u5206\u62c5\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u7b49\u3002\u674e\u4e1c\u71d5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u529b\u5173\u8054\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5411\u6027\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u6027\u4e0e\u53d8\u5316\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5979\u547c\u5401\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u7528<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u6742\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5206\u6790\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u5e03\u5c14\u5230\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u3001\u743c\u65af\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u6c49\u5f17\u83b1\u65af\u4e0e\u8d6b\u91cc\u5c14\u7b49\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8bae\u9898\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u5230\u4e0e\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u9a7e\u3001\u4ece\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5927\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u72ec\u5927\u5230\u517c\u5bb9\u5c0f\u56fd\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u533a\u57df\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>\u201c\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bae\u9898\u6269\u6563\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df7\u4e71<\/span>; \u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u3001<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c42\u6b21\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6269\u6563\u5e94\u7528\u4e5f\u4f7f\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u7c7b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u53c8\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;text-align: justify;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px 0px 1px 10px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-left-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-right-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e09\u3001<strong style=\"font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 28px;white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5206\u7c7b\u662f<\/span>\u201c\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66<\/span>( typology) \u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66( taxonomy) ; \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6982<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u5b66\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u6709\u7528\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9700\u8981\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u9c9c\u5c11\u533a\u5206\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7565\u663e\u6742\u4e71\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u7c7b\u5c55\u5f00\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u8fd8\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5730\u533a\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5218\u4e30\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u8054\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e1c\u4e9a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u53d8\u8fc1\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u5c39\u7ee7\u6b66\u4ea6\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e94\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u8303\u7574\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u4ece\u800c\u7efc\u5408\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u9886\u57df\u5305\u542b\u82e5\u5e72\u5206\u7c7b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5377\u5165\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68b3\u7406\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6f14\u53d8\u4e88\u4ee5\u7b80\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672c\u6587\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c\u5168\u666f\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u8bfb; \u8d23\u4efb\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6c9f\u901a\u8d77\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u65bd\u52a0\u201c\u4ef7<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u503c\u5224\u65ad<\/span>\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898<\/span>( \u6db5\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb) \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u884c\u52a8<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">( \u5ba2\u4f53) \u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5185\u5728\u673a\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6765\u5206\u6790\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u56e0\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e88\u4ee5\u8d1f\u8d23( \u5982\u56de\u5e94\u4e0e\u7a76\u8d23) \u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u867d\u7136\u5177<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u673a\u7406\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e14\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bae\u9898\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61( \u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53) \u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u6216\u627f\u62c5\u5f52\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7ed3\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6027\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5e76\u975e\u4ece\u4e3b\u4f53\u5230\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5355\u5411\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u89c4\u8303\u4fbf\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>; \u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u672c\u5ba2\u4f53\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u4e5f\u5904\u4e8e\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u674e\u4e1c\u71d5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86<\/span>\u201c\u4ece\u65e0\u89c6\u4e3b\u6743\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u53c8\u4ece\u201c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u6743\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u591a\u8981\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u5256\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5982\u56fe<\/span>2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u591a\u5143\u5212\u5206\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u7efc\u5408\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u5b8c\u6574\u8d23\u4efb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u533a\u522b\u800c\u627f\u62c5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bf9\u5176\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress7-1577678035.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672c\u6587\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u89d2\u8272\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5bb9\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f<\/span>; \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\u4e5f\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u5185\u5728\u3002\u9c81\u9053\u592b<\/span>\u00b7\u62c9\u6885\u5c14( Rudolph J.&nbsp;Rummel) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7279\u522b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u9762\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span>\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u201d\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f9d\u636e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279<\/span>\u00b7\u54c8\u7279( Herbert Hart) \u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56db\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>;\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u59ae\u79d1\u5c14\u00b7\u6587\u68ee\u7279( Nicole Vincent) \u4e5f\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u62d3<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c55\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u516d\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u89c6\u89d2\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927<\/span>\u00b7\u5e03\u6717( Alexander Brown) \u4e0e\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2( David Miller) \u5206\u522b\u4ece<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8<\/span>\u201c\u9884\u9632\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8865\u6551\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54c8\u7279\u4e0e\u6587\u68ee\u7279\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e5f\u6697\u542b\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5982\u54c8\u7279\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c\u56de\u6eaf\u201d\u89c6\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u65f6\u6001\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7565\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u5927\u591a\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u8c01\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6587\u68ee\u7279\u4e5f\u91cd\u89c6\u56de\u6eaf\u6216\u524d\u77bb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u522b\u7eb3\u5165\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6027\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5148\u540e\u5c55\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u6210\u679c\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5f3a\u8c03\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u68ee\u7279\u4e0e\u52a0\u62c9\u65af<\/span>\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af( Garrath Williams) \u7684\u201c\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fb7\u6027\u201d\uff0c<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c06\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u683c\u3001\u540d\u58f0\u6216\u610f\u5411\u4e2d\u5e76\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u53ca\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e09\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u7edf\u4e00\u7eb3\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u679c\u6216\u8005\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u6cdb\u4e49\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9884\u9632\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8865\u6551\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u8865\u6551\u8d23\u4efb\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u5f25\u8865\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u884c\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4fbf\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u5b8c\u5584\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u89d2\u8272\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>( \u5982\u56fe3) \uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress4-1577678035.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u89d2\u8272\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u67d0\u79cd\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u626e\u6f14\u8be5\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u5360\u636e\u76f8\u5e94\u804c\u4f4d\u6765\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5f0f\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u8bc6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u91cc<\/span>\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af( Barry Barnes) \u6240\u8a00\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5730\u4f4d\u201d <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5730\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u67d0\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u517c\u800c\u6709\u4e4b<\/span>; \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u5143\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u662f\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9898\u4e2d\u5e94\u6709\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7\u52d2\u535a( \uff32ichard Lebow) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u672c\u8eab\u627f<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u62c5\u67d0\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u529f\u626e\u6f14\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u8d23\u4efb\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5185\u5d4c\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4fbf\u8d8a\u5927\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa<\/span>\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u5185<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u65af<\/span>( Raino Malnes) \u5c06\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u671f\u5f85\u201d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c97\u4f4d\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c97\u4f4d\u804c\u8d23\u65e2\u6d89\u53ca\u95ee\u8d23\u4e0e\u5f52\u8d23\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u8003\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4efb\u6653\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u3001\u6743\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u89d2\u8272\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u674e\u4e1c\u71d5\u7528<\/span>\u201c\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u804c\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6765\u5bf9\u5176\u4e88\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5206\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5143\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5360\u6709\u7684\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u804c\u4f4d\u662f\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u7684\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u4e0e\u975e\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/span>\u201c\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\u201d\u627f\u62c5\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6216\u4e49\u52a1\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u95ee\u9898\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5982\u9075\u5faa\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u9664\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u804c\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u6216\u5730\u533a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u8005\u663e\u8457\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u9664\u88ab\u5f53\u4e8b\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u8ba4\u540c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0e\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u591a\u91cd\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u68c0\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u884c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u601d\u8003\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e14\u9075\u5faa\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5df4\u91cc<\/span>\u00b7\u5df4\u6069\u65af\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u672c\u8eab\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176<\/span>\u201c\u56de\u5e94\u80fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u529b<\/span>\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u56fd\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42<\/span>; \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6881\u51ef\u97f3\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u56e0\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u9762\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u5916\u884d\u751f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7b49<\/span>; \u5176\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5219\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u5b71\u5f31\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5931\u8d25\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u62c5\u5176\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5904\u4e8e\u4e24\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u5206\u522b\u5728\u5730\u533a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u7740<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u674e\u4e1c\u71d5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\u201c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u529b\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u201d;\u6216\u8005\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u968f\u7740<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u56e0\u80fd\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\u800c\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u5374\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5173\u6ce8\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53<\/span>( \u53ca\u5176\u663e\u8457\u4e2a\u4f53) \u5185\u5728\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u4ece\u8d23<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5fb7\u6027\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u6027\u683c\u3001\u540d\u58f0\u6216\u610f\u5411\u7b49\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u8fc7\u5f80\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d23\u4efb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u79f0<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u5fb7\u6027\u201d\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u5360\u636e\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u6216\u8005\u8d23\u4efb\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6240\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>( \u7279\u522b\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u8005) \u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5fb7\u6027; \u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u5728<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e8e\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u62c5\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5fb7\u6027\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a76\u8d23\u4e0e\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b80<\/span>\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u65af( Jan Klabbers) <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e49\u52a1\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u53ef\u89e3\u201c\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u6025\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u6765\u8865\u5145\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u65af\u5c06\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u6539\u5584\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u95ee\u8d23\u4e0e\u6548\u80fd\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u827e\u4f26<\/span>\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee( Allen Thompson) \u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u89c6\u4e3a\u54c1\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5411\u5584\u9762\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d85\u8d8a<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5f53\u524d<\/span>\u201c\u73af\u5883\u5fb7\u6027\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5fb7\u6027\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u4e3b\u52a8\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\u65f6\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fb7\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5229\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u9645\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u9053\u4e49\u8912\u626c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u53ea\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u6491\u624d\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6587\u68ee\u7279\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u8d23\u4efb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5224\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5426\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5374\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u6709\u5bb3\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u8d23\u4efb\u5374\u4ece\u5176\u5185\u5728\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5fb7<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u5b9a\u8be5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\u8ffd\u95ee\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5956\u60e9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u975e\u5145\u5206\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4f9d\u65e7\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c11\u9053\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u548e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742<\/span>; \u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u5927\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u7ec6\u5316\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8d23\u4efb\u673a\u5236\u9f50\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u3001\u505a\u51fa\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u8912\u626c\u6216\u82db\u8d23\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5faa\u7740\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u627e\u5230\u5bfc\u81f4\u6216\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e49\u52a1\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u7a76\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u79cd\u65cf\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5386\u53f2\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u52bf\u529b\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c<\/span>955 \u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u95ee\u9898\u56fd\u9645\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba1\u5224\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9645\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u8005\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\u90bb\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u516c\u6c11<\/span>\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u6cd5\u56e0\u5176\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u4f5c\u4e3a\u800c\u9971\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5148\u540e\u5bf9\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9762\u5411\u3002\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span>1998 \u5e74\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u514b\u6797\u987f( Bill Clinton) \u4eb2\u8d74\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u9053\u6b49\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6000\u7591\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fe\u897f\u65cf\u6c11\u5175\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0e\u6b66\u5668\u800c\u906d\u5230\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u8d23\u4e0e\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c<\/span>2010 \u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u65f6\u4efb\u603b<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7edf\u8428\u79d1\u9f50<\/span>( Nicolas Sarkozy) \u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u8ffd\u7a76\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\u7684\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u53d7\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6709\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\u201c\u62e8\u4e71\u53cd\u6b63\u201d\u3002\u627f\u62c5\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u56ca\u62ec\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u91cd\u5efa\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4e3e\u63aa\u7b49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5343\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u7b49\u3002\u7c73\u52d2\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8865\u6551\u8d23\u4efb\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bcc\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3\u62c5\u8d1f\u8865\u6551\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u662f\u5bcc\u56fd\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5265\u593a\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c; \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8865\u6551\u6027\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u8865\u6551\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u5e94\u8be5\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1<\/span>; \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u7b2c\u516d\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u5730\u9884\u9632\u5e76\u524a\u51cf\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u7ed3\u679c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u5e72\u9884\u884c\u52a8\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u5229\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u9884\u9632\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u754c\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0e\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9884\u9632\u6216\u8005\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5229\u540e\u679c\u5e76\u524a\u51cf\u672a\u6765\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u51cf\u5c0f\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u9002\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5177\u6709\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u60e9\u6212\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8d23\u5907\u6216\u8912\u5956\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8d23\u4efb\u9762\u5411\u4e3a\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u9762\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u548e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f52\u8d23\u4e0e\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u652f\u6491\u7740\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u3002\u89d2\u8272\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u5c3d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9762\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bd5\u56fe\u51cf\u7f13\u6216\u907f\u514d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\u5177\u6709\u60e9\u6212\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8d2c\u65a5\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u4e49\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u4e3e\u63aa\u83b7\u5f97\u8912\u5956\u3002\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u79ef\u6781\u51cf\u5c11\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5165\u4ee5\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u56fe<\/span>3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd8<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u6291\u6216\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u578b\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u578b\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6027\u578b\u4e09\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u4ece\u9884\u9632\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5230\u8865\u6551\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">(\u4e8c)\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u8bae\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u504f\u597d\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6881\u51ef\u97f3\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u7531\u5176\u6240\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u5468\u946b\u5b87\u5c06\u4e00\u56fd\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u53ca\u9886\u8896\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672c\u6587\u501f\u9274\u4f01\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u963f\u5947<\/span>\u00b7\u5361\u7f57\u5c14( Archie B\uff0e Carroll) \u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u4f01\u4e1a\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u793e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u6309\u7167\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6148\u5584\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5f53<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7136\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u97e6\u6069<\/span>\u00b7\u7ef4\u745f( Wayne Visser) \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9d\u636e\u53d1\u8fbe\u4e0e\u53d1<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5c06<\/span>\u201c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u504f\u597d\u80af\u5b9a\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u56fe<\/span>4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4f9d\u7167\u8bae\u9898\u4f18\u5148\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u56db\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress6-1577678036.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">1.<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5b83\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u91cd\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5728\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u52a1\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03<\/span>\u201c( \u56fd\u5bb6) \u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u5148\u51b3\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u5b58\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u8ffd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684<\/span>\u201d\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u201d\u76ee\u6807\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6770\u514b<\/span>\u00b7\u5510\u7eb3\u5229( Jack Donnelly) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\u201c\u5173\u952e\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u5148\u51b3\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e88\u4ee5\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5982\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>\u00b7\u51ef\u5357( George Kennan) \u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u9996\u8981\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u670d\u52a1\u201d; \u9a6c\u5c14\u5185\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e49\u52a1\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u201c\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u4e88\u4ee5\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5373\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5173\u6ce8\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u7ef4\u62a4\u5730\u533a\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u907f\u514d\u6218\u4e89\u51b2\u7a81\u7b49\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u56fd\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u8d21\u732e\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u4ee5\u6770\u514b\u900a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e49\u52a1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u652f\u6491\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5e03\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u5927\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u5371\u673a\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6216\u8282\u5236\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>1980 \u5e74\u52302010 \u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u6216\u5730\u533a<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81f3\u5c11\u6709<\/span>150 \u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0e\u65a1\u65cb\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca70 \u591a\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u66f4\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u6784\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u7ae0\u7a0b\u7acb\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u52aa\u529b\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f<\/span>20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u6700\u4e3a\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740<\/span>\u201c\u5de8\u578b\u89d2\u8272\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49<\/span>\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5e73\u53ca\u5b89\u5168; \u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u76ee\u7684: \u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u96c6\u4f53\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e14\u6d88<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9664\u5bf9\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5236\u6b62\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u7834\u574f<\/span>; \u5e76\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e14\u4f9d\u6b63\u4e49\u53ca\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9645\u6cd5\u4e4b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u8db3\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\u6216\u60c5\u52bf<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u5176\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u201c\u4e89\u7aef\u4e4b\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u7834\u574f\u53ca\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5e94\u4ed8\u529e\u6cd5\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6761\u6b3e\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece<\/span>1899 \u5e74\u52302005 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u603b\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u81f3<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c11<\/span>130 \u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u6027\u6216\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u591a\u8fb9\u6761\u7ea6( \u81f3\u5c115 \u4e2a\u6210\u5458) \u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u7b7e\u7ea6\u65b9\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bb6\u8d1f\u6709\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u7ea6\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d89\u53ca<\/span>214 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6761\u7ea6\u6c47<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7f16<\/span>\u201d\u4e2d\u6709\u81f3\u5c11500 \u4efd\u6761\u7ea6\u4ee5\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u201d\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7b49\u5b57\u773c\u4e3a\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u5173\u952e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">2\uff0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u6700\u5927\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4f9d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6e90\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6240\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e76\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u5bbd\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e60\u4fd7\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u3002\u6770\u514b\u900a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e49\u52a1\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u90d1\u5148\u6b66\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\u201d <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u5c65\u884c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8def\u6613\u65af<\/span>\u00b7\u4ea8\u91d1( Louis Henkin) \u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5851\u9020\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;\u201c\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u9075\u5b88\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u4e0e\u7406\u7531\u80fd\u591f\u7ea6\u675f\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5; \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u4fe1\u7528\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u201c\u8363\u8000\u201d\u201c\u5a01\u671b\u201d\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u201d \u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u201d\u201c\u53e3\u7891\u201d\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6566\u4fc3\u56fd\u5bb6\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u88ab\u201c\u63a7\u8bc9\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5c65\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u6536\u76ca\u8d85\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u9003\u907f\u8d1f\u9762\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5224\u51b3\u3001\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u3001\u907f\u514d\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8d1f\u9762\u6210\u679c\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u51b3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\u6d88\u5931\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u5e74\u9274\u300b\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>1962 \u5e74\u52302010 \u5e74( \u4e0d<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u542b<\/span>2002 \u5e74) \uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5546\u4f1a\u4ef2\u88c1\u9662\u3001\u524d\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u5362\u65fa\u8fbe\u56fd\u9645\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5ba1\u5224\u4e0e\u585e\u62c9\u5229\u6602\u7279\u522b\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6cd5\u9662\u7279\u522b\u6cd5\u5ead\u3001\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u7279\u522b\u6cd5\u5ead\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u5171\u505a\u51fa<\/span>470 \u591a\u4e2a\u53f8\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u4e0e\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bb6\u95f4\u4e89\u7aef\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u53ca\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u673a\u7b49\u4e3b\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">3\uff0e\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u7b49\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\u7b49\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u8eab\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u5177\u6709\u201c\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u9664\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u7b49\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u6c49\u65af<\/span>\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u7d22( Hans J\uff0e Morgenthau) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u89c4\u8303\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5728\u201c\u6240\u6709<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9ad8\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\u201d\u4e2d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4f26\u7406\u8574\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\u3001\u6743\u529b\u3001\u9053\u4e49\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u4e3b\u6d41\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u9f13\u5439<\/span>\u201c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5e2d\u3002\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5c0a\u4e25\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u820d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u83b1\u8335\u970d\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\u00b7\u5c3c\u5e03\u5c14( Reinhold Niebuhr) \u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u4ece\u9053\u5fb7<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u9a71\u8d76\u5230\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u672c\u6027\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6469\u6839\u7d22\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u5c3c\u5e03\u5c14\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u5e76\u672a\u5265\u593a\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u5e76\u975e\u4ecb\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5185\u201d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u5b58\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5c40\u9650\u662f\u7531\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u201c\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u539f\u5219\u201d&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u52d2\u535a\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7<\/span>\u201c\u80ae\u810f\u4e4b\u624b\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u201d\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u3001<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u548c<\/span>; \u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u5c31\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u66f4\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u52d2\u535a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u5728\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u89c4\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5316\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u5b9e\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52d2\u535a\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5bf9\u79e9\u5e8f\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6050\u60e7\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u79e9\u5e8f\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed\u547d\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u8bae\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5a01\u6151\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7b49\u4ef7\u503c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9664\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6b63\u5f53\u7b49\u4ef7\u503c\u5916\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u56fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5373\u5c65\u884c<\/span>\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f24\u5bb3( Do No Harm) \u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5ba1\u614e\u539f\u5219\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5904\u7406<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u6770\u514b\u900a\u6240\u8a00\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u5f53\u5b83\u5173\u5fc3\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8005\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u5ba1\u614e\u539f\u5219\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u53bb\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7f8e\u5fb7\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u201c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f24\u5bb3\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7eb3\u5165\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d1f\u8d77\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u884d\u751f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u2460&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u88ab\u82e5\u5e72\u5b66\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u535a\u767b\u6d77\u9ed8( Edgar Bodenheimer) \u5c06\u201c\u4e0d\u4f24\u5bb3\u201d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u793a\u8303\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6d88\u6781\u8d23\u4efb\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6765\u5c55\u73b0\u4f26\u7406\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd1\u6765\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u65b0\u5021\u5bfc\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81<\/span>\u00b7&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6797\u514b\u83b1\u7279<\/span>( Andrew Linklater) \u4ece\u201c\u5168\u7403\u5173\u8054\u6027\u201d\u80cc\u666f\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u76f4\u9762\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d<\/span>\u201c\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5173\u6000\u4f26\u7406\u5168\u7403\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u690d\u5165\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f24\u5bb3\u534f\u8bae( cosmopolitan harm conventions) \u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6797\u514b\u83b1\u7279\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u654c\u5bf9\u8005\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06<\/span>\u201c\u5bf9\u6b63\u5f53\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u201d&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u654f\u611f\u6027\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u5173\u952e; \u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u7406<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236<\/span>\u201d\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5373\u9632\u6b62\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u9c81\u83bd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5267\u70c8\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u56fd\u4e89\u7aef\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u652f\u6301\u89e3\u51b3\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u53cd\u6297\u66b4\u653f\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u672c\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u56fd\u53ca\u56fd\u6c11\u4e4b\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u534f\u52a9\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u5e76\u5021\u8bae\u4eba\u6743\u5c0a\u4e25\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8bda\u5982\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u6253\u7740\u6b63\u4e49\u65d7\u5e1c\u5bf9\u522b\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6b63\u4e49\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e4b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5<\/span>( \u4f8b\u5982\u4e3b\u6743\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5) \u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u5b17\u53d8\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3001\u5bf9\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u7684<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53d1\u626c\u3001\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u3001\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u538c\u6076\u3001\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6c38\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u518d\u5982\u52d2\u535a\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9<\/span>\u201c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65bd\u5c55\u201d&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u540c\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u624d\u80fd\u201c\u786e\u4fe1\u201d\u5176\u6743\u529b\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ee5\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u7f72<\/span>2015 \u5e74\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c 2014 \u5e74\uff0c\u6218\u4e71\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5185\u81f3\u5c11\u5bfc\u81f4<\/span>1950 \u4e07\u56fd\u9645\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e3820 \u4e07\u56fd\u5185\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9274\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0e\u96be\u6c11\u8bae\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5e87\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e87\u62a4\u6743\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8be5\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e87\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u5730\u4f4d\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c<\/span>33 \u6761\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f3a\u5236\u96be\u6c11\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u56de\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u751f\u547d\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u96be\u6c11\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5<\/span>\u201c\u5371\u5bb3\u6240\u5728\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u9063\u8fd4\u56de\u56fd\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8d4b\u4e88\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ece2015 \u5e74\u6b27\u76df\u96be<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u53d8\u66f4\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bb9\u7eb3\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b89\u5168\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">4\uff0e\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u547c\u5401\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6210\u5458\u8d21\u732e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6148\u5584\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u54c1\u8d28\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u524d\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u5173\u6ce8\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u81ea\u8eab\u6f14\u53d8\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u81ea\u5168\u7403\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u589e\u5f3a\u53ca\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u8d8b\u52bf\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u3001\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u8de8\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u5176\u5371\u5bb3\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e00\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5171\u62c5\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e5f\u662f\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8ba4\u540c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u65e5\u76ca\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab<\/span>\u201c\u5f52\u5165\u201d&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u5c06<\/span>\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u5408\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5c06\u4ed6\u8005\u5229\u76ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u5229\u4ed6\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u89c2\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u65b0\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u90fd\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6743\u529b\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u611f\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u7740\u529b\u4e8e\u201c\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3001\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u4e0e\u5c0a\u4e25\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6bd4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8363\u8a89\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u52d2\u535a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u6001\u8981\u6c42\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u7f9e\u6127\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5229\u76ca\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8bf4\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5c0a\u4e25\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u201c\u88ab\u671f\u5f85\u201d\u534f\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u3002\u52d2\u535a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7b49\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u8363\u8a89\u201d\u8ffd\u6c42\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u8d22\u5bcc\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u5176\u56fd\u6c11\u4e0e\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5510\u660a\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e90\u81ea\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7d27\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u8d21\u732e\u4eba\u624d\u4e0e\u8d22\u529b\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6350\u6b3e\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/span>( \u6350\u6b3e\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u6295\u5165) \u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u548c\u8d22\u529b\u652f<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6301\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4ece<\/span>1948 \u5e74\u52302015 \u5e74\u5b9e\u884c\u4e8670 \u6b21\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5355\u662f\u4ece2015 \u5e747 \u6708\u52302016 \u5e746 \u6708\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u9884\u7b97\u5927\u7ea6\u662f82\uff0e7 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ece2013 \u5e74\u52302015 \u5e74\u4f4d<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5217\u7684\u6350\u8d44\u56fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49<\/span>; \u5f53\u524d16 \u4e2a\u7ef4\u548c\u884c\u52a8<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9879\u76ee\u4eba\u529b\u6295\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86<\/span>12\uff0e5 \u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3001\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u57282015 \u5e74\u5c45\u4e8e\u524d\u5217\u3002\u9664\u644a\u6b3e\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458\u5916\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u65e0\u507f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0e\u4f9b\u7ed9\u54c1\u7b49\u989d\u5916<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u636e<\/span>2015 \u5e74\u300a\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c2014 \u5e74\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u8d44\u91d1\u4e3a<\/span>245 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143; \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6350\u52a9187 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6350\u52a958 \u4ebf<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c<\/span>2015 \u5e74\u5168\u7403\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u989d<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fbe\u5230<\/span>1316 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5021\u8bae<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6bd4\u5982\u8d38\u6613\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee<\/span>( Aid For Trade) \u4e5f\u662f\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d2b\u56f0\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u8d38\u6613\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u81ea<\/span>2006 \u5e74\u52302015 \u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u7ea62465 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5b98<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e<\/span>1907 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8d38\u6613\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u624d\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6148\u5584\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u672c\u56fd\u662f\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c65\u884c\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5176\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u96be\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u578b\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u82e5\u5e72\u8bae\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u6a2a\u8de8\u591a\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5982\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e2\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53c8\u6d89\u53ca\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u4e00\u56fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u6148\u5584\u6027\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u4ece\u672a\u7f3a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u533a\u522b\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">(\u4e09)\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9898\u4e2d\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u6216\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027<\/span>( responsible agency) \u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898( a matter of degree) \u201d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8d23\u4efb\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u627f\u62c5<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e88\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u6d88\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4ee5\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u5e76\u5c65\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u5c65\u884c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57<\/span>\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u68ee( Paul Davidson) \u4e0e\u91cc\u57fa\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u82ac( \uff32icky W\uff0e Griffin) \u57fa\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5c42\u6b21\u800c\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u56de\u5e94\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8d21\u732e\u7b49\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u62b5\u5236<\/span>; \u793e\u4f1a\u4e49<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e94\u8be5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u793e\u4f1a\u56de\u5e94\u5219\u5f00\u59cb\u6ee1<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u671f\u5f85<\/span>; \u5728\u79ef\u6781\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d21\u732e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u793e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u8005\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u8005\u4e0e\u671f\u5f85\u8005\u7b49<\/span>; \u4e0e\u6b64<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u627f\u62c5\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u963b\u788d\u5f0f\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u5f0f\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u5f0f\u9014\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u9014\u5f84\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress8-1577678037.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5982\u56fe<\/span>5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4ece\u6d88\u6781\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u5171\u56db\u79cd\uff0c<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5373\u969c\u788d\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56db\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4ece\u8d1f\u5411\u5230\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u8005\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u8005\u4e0e\u671f\u5f85\u8005\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u969c\u788d\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8d23\u4efb\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u62b5\u5236\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u907f\u514d\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u53ca\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u679c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u7136\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ee5\u671d\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u4e0e\u4e9a\u592a\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u9694\u7edd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u4e5f\u6781\u5c11\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;2006 \u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u65e0\u9884\u8b66\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c; 2016 \u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5b8c\u6210\u9996\u6b21\u6c22\u5f39\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u5730\u533a\u5b89\u5168\u7a33\u5b9a<\/span>; \u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u5176\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e5f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u90bb\u56fd\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e2d<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6838\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u62b5\u6d88\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u65e0\u6838\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u9002\u5e94\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ea4\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece<\/span>1978 \u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4e00\u76f4\u523020 \u4e16\u7eaa90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8bf4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u52aa\u529b\u9002\u5e94\u56fd\u9645\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u8bf8\u5982\u5173\u8d38\u603b\u534f\u5b9a\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u51b7\u9759\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u7a33\u4f4f\u9635\u811a\uff0c\u6c89\u7740\u5e94\u4ed8\uff0c\u97ec\u5149\u517b\u6666\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u5b88\u62d9\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5f53\u5934\uff0c&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6709\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/span>\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u8bd5\u5f0f\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898\u4e0e\u60c5\u666f\u4e0b\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8005\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u4e24\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5411\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5927\u7ea6\u53d1\u751f\u5728<\/span>1997 \u5e74\u524d\u540e\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u98ce<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u66b4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u201c\u505a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u5927\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u878d\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u591a\u8fb9\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u9053\u4e49\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5173\u6ce8\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898( \u5982\u91d1\u878d\u7a33\u5b9a)<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\uff0c\u4e3a\u5730\u533a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u4e49<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u52a1<\/span>\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u30022007 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u63d0<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u51fa\u79c9\u6301\u516c\u9053\uff0c\u4f38\u5f20\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u672c\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e\u5bf9\u65b9\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u5173\u5207\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u589e\u5f3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6c11\u751f\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u5357\u5317\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5e94\u56fd\u9645\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u671d\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u516c\u6b63\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>2010 \u5e74\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\u5916\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\uff0c\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u611f\u53ec\u529b\u201d\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f34\u968f\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6269\u6563<\/span>( \u5982\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7b49) \uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5404\u56fd\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c<\/span>\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u6848\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8fc8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5207\u5b9e\u5c65\u884c\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4eac\u90fd\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u7684\u51cf\u6392\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c65\u884c\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u3001\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u63f4\u52a9\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>2015 \u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u5458\u4ee5740 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f4d\u5217\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u6700\u5927\u63f4\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d85\u8fc7\u5168\u7403<\/span>50%; \u5728\u627f\u8bfa\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u3001\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u4e0e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u5343\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5360\u56fd\u6c11\u603b\u6536\u5165<\/span>0\uff0e7%\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bb6\u8fd8\u4ece\u89c4\u5219\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6350\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u505a\u51fa\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u63d0\u9ad8\u63f4\u52a9\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u63f4\u52a9\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u95ee\u8d23\u4e0e\u7a76\u8d23\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u6210\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6350\u52a9\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u89c4\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u523042 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u597d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8003\u91cf\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u6743\u8861\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u5c42\u6b21\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u529b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u79ef\u6781\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u591a\u662f\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u5bf9\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u62b1\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0d\u6d4e\u800c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5d1b\u8d77\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3b\u52a8\u6001\u5ea6\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u5b88\u52bf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u81f3\u4e0a\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u5f3a\u6743\u529b\u3001\u589e\u8fdb\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a<\/span>\u201c\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>; \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\u80fd\u591f\u5f71\u54cd\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9009<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u62e9\u3002\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u8d8b\u52bf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e09\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5373\u654c\u4eba\u3001\u5bf9\u624b\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u5185\u5316\u4e8e\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u79cd\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u6587\u5316\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u56fd\u4e3a\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u654c\u5bf9\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u8005\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u56fd\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6d1b\u514b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5f53\u4e00\u56fd\u8ba4\u77e5\u5230\u5176\u5904\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ee5\u66f4<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u52d2\u535a\u4e4b\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u62c5\u7b49\u903b\u8f91\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u7406\u667a\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u5408\u4f5c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b22\u6109\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u591a\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u53cb\u8c0a\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5c0a\u4e25\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4e49\u52a1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u8363\u8000\u6216\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0e\u53cb\u8c0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u6c42\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u4e0e\u4f1f\u5927\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u4eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u673a\u5236\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4ee5\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u5404\u56fd\u9996\u8981\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c97\u7565\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u7406\u667a\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u6d41<\/span>; \u57fa\u4e8e\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>; \u5728\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e43\u81f3\u62b5\u5236\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5c65\u884c\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5373\u8bc9\u8bf8\u969c\u788d\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u6001\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8363\u8000\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u8bae\u9898\u9886\u57df\u3001\u5730\u533a\u8054\u7ed3\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">( 1) \u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\u8d23\u4efb\u65bd\u52a8\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5927\u81f4\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5bf9\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c65\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>( \u6216\u51c6\u540c\u76df) \u4e0e\u76f8<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4ee5<\/span>2008 \u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u4e0e2011 \u5e74\u65e5<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u672c\u5927\u5730\u9707\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9707\u7ea7\u76f8\u4eff\u3001\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u6b7b\u4f24\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5c31\u653f\u5e9c\u6350\u6b3e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<\/span>\u2462\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u90fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u63f4\u52a9\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5219\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6350\u6b3e\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u989d\u6765\u63f4\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u989d\u5ea6\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6309\u7167\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6350\u6b3e\u5360\u5176\u5f53\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u603b\u6350\u6b3e\u76849\uff0e4%\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6350\u6b3e\u4ec5\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u6350\u6b3e\u603b\u989d\u5ea6\u76844\uff0e0%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">( 2) \u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u8bae\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bae\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/span>\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u8c28\u5b88\u6d88\u6781\u7acb\u573a; <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e<\/span>\u201c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u653f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u606a\u5b88\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u6d88\u6781\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5185\u653f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u677e\u52a8\uff0c&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u82cf\u4e39\u3001\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e0e\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u751a\u81f3\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u5230<\/span>2009 \u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u989d\u8fbe\u52302562\uff0e9 \u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c <span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u4e2d\u65e0\u507f\u63f4\u52a9<\/span>1062 \u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u800c\u4ece2010 \u5e74\u52302012 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a893\uff0e 4 \u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e0\u507f\u63f4\u52a9323\uff0e2 \u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u503a\u52a1\u5371\u673a\u7b49\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e5f\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u6295\u5165\u633d\u6551\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d<\/span>; \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u4e3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u6050\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7b49<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">( 3) \u5728\u76f8\u540c\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e34\u8fd1\u5730\u533a\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u533a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u3002<\/span>\u201c\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u884c\u4f7f\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u201d\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6( \u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u56fd) \u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5c31\u5b89\u5168\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u80a9\u8d1f\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u70b9\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e34\u8fd1\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u65e9\u5728<\/span>20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u518d\u4ee5\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u81ea<\/span>2003 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u516d\u65b9\u4f1a<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u8c08\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u671d\u9c9c\u6838\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u9020\u89e3\u51b3\u671d\u9c9c\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5c40\u52bf\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u884c<\/span>\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u4e34\u8fd1\u5730\u533a\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u534f\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6269\u5927\u4e0e\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c55\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u613f\u610f\u5728\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5e73\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781<\/span>\u201c\u6253\u9020\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u4fe1\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u878d\u5408\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3001\u547d\u8fd0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">( 4) \u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d1b\u8d77<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\u4ece<\/span>\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u201d\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8dc3\u5347\u5230\u201c\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u201d\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u9738\u6743\u5230\u201c\u53d7\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u8870\u843d\u8def\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u7403\u89d2\u8272\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6536\u7f29\u300220 \u4e16\u7eaa80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u5168\u7403\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5176<\/span>1985 \u5e74\u300a\u5916\u4ea4\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4efb<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u62b1\u8d1f\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u652f\u6301\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u6027\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u663e\u8457\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3002<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386<\/span>\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6ce1\u6cab\u201d\u7834\u706d\u4e4b<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c<\/span>20 \u4e16\u7eaa90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u63f4\u52a9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u76f4\u5230<\/span>2002 \u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u590d\u82cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\">\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4ece\u6d88\u6781\u5230\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u969c\u788d\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u56de\u5e94\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5c65\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u4f53\u4f1a\u626e\u6f14\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u5bf9\u8c61\u56fd\u3001\u5173\u6d89\u8bae\u9898\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u5c42\u6b21\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5904\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5728\u627f\u8bfa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u79fb\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u8df3\u8dc3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5f0f\u524d\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 27.2px;text-align: justify;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 10px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px 0px 1px 10px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-left-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-right-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u56db\u3001<span style=\"font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 28px;\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5143\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>( \u5ba2\u4f53) \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u4f18<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u627f\u62c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u7efc\u5408\u5448\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u663e\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u91cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u53d8\u5e76\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e88\u4ee5\u7cbe\u81f4\u5316\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e0a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bae\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u6398\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8bc9\u8bf8\u591a\u4e2a\u8de8\u8bae\u9898\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96f6\u6563<\/span>; \u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u540c<span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u6d1e\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5927\u4f53\u8f6e\u5ed3\u5c06\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u70bc\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u7b49\u7ebf;\">\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u542b\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u5473\u4e14\u6db5\u62ec\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u5ff5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e88\u4ee5\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5c55\u73b0\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 25px;padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);line-height: 24px;color: inherit;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: -20px;margin-left: 15px;max-width: 100%;width: auto;color: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 8px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(102, 102, 102);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span class=\"\"  style=\"padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;border-color: rgb(182, 45, 45);border-radius: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(182, 45, 45);text-align: center;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u58f0\u660e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 15px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 2em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;color: inherit;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u6b64\u6587\u4e3a\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u8f6c\u53d1\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u6ce8\u660e\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfbguozhengxueren@163.com<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"  >\n<section>\n<section >\n<section>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;border-color: currentcolor;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-bottom: -15px;margin-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;width: 677px;text-align: center;display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: -4px;margin-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(167, 30, 30);height: 20px;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -16px;padding: 2px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 20px;line-height: 16px;background: rgb(167, 30, 30);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u66f4\u591a\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding: 15px 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(167, 30, 30);word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 25px;color: rgb(63, 62, 63);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(87, 107, 149);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3MTYzMzE5Mw==&amp;mid=2247487647&amp;idx=4&amp;sn=713bf729dca089516e8f304f88955380&amp;chksm=eb3f8ed9dc4807cf89f3e211dd726289dd92edc62a6a8e19953bf2b366bbeffb59d285e95119&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(87, 107, 149);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7ae0\u3011\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u7ae0\u5bfc\u822a\u9875\u9762\u4e13\u7528\u94fe\u63a5<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: normal;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(87, 107, 149);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzI3MTYzMzE5Mw==&amp;mid=2247488139&amp;idx=3&amp;sn=89116855620d62f3ecc5f4e7680c7337&amp;chksm=eb3f8ccddc4805db92781acdfe47f2380e1ce8eca937360ca1e38a47e0180af37fb68aaace30&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u4e00\u5468\u9884\u544a\u3011\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u6587\u7ae0\u63a8\u90012018\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(87, 107, 149);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;font-size: 17px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;font-size: 17px;line-height: 27.2px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-color: currentcolor;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 2px auto;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"margin-left: 1em;max-width: 100%;line-height: 1.4em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span class=\"\"  style=\"padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(178, 44, 27);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 25px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"\"  style=\"padding: 4px 10px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 5px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(178, 44, 27);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 25px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\uff08ID\uff1aguozhengxueren)<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -0.7em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(178, 44, 27);border-radius: 0.4em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"padding: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.75em;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4eba\u53ca\u65f6\u9605\u8bfb\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6587\u7ae0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 0em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u522b\u5fd8\u628a\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 251, 0);font-size: 18px;background-color: rgb(202, 60, 23);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u661f\u6807<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u54e6~<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\"      style=\"z-index: -1;cursor: pointer;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 264px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress7-1577678037.gif\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><img class=\"__bg_gif\"        style=\"z-index: -1;cursor: pointer;font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;text-indent: 34px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;width: 675px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/beepress6-1577678038.gif\" alt=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\" title=\"\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class=\"keep-source\">\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u56fd\u653f\u5b66\u4eba\uff09\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/Nh1SrCSx8zCYU0u8QgxwXQ\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u3010\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u3011\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u518d\u5ba1\u89c6\uff1a \u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b80 &nbsp;\u4ecb \u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\u6bdb\u7ef4\u51c6\uff0c\u5357\u4eac<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[24,25],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12793"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12803,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12793\/revisions\/12803"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/115.238.178.234:8090\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}